Table 4.

Prognostic significance of neuroblastoma MRD detection methods.

Methods	Targets	Samples and patients	Outcome	References
IC	GD2	PB Patients during chemotherapy	MRD detection was significantly correlated with relapse.	(78)
FCM	NB84+/CD56+/CD45–	BM Stage 4 patients at diagnosis	MRD detection was significantly correlated with lower OS.	(93)
FCM	GD2+/CD81+/CD56+/CD45–	BM Patients at diagnosis	MRD detection was significantly correlated with lower EFS.	(94)
RT-PCR	DCX, TH	BM, PB Non-metastatic patients at diagnosis	MRD detection in PB was significantly correlated with lower EFS.	(95)
RT-PCR	CHRNA3, DDC, GAP43, PHOX2B, TH	BM Stage 4 and over 1-year patients at 3 months after diagnosis and after induction chemotherapy	MRD detection was significantly correlated with poor outcome.	(96)
RT-PCR	TH	PBSC High-risk patients	MRD detection was significantly correlated with lower 2-year OS.	(97)
RT-PCR	DCX, PHOX2B, TH	BM, PB High-risk patients at diagnosis and after induction chemotherapy	High levels of DCX, PHOX2B, or TH mRNAs in BM and PB at diagnosis or in BM after induction therapy predicted significantly poor outcome.	(98)
RT-PCR	CHRNA3, DDC, GAP43, PHOX2B, TH	BM Localized patients at diagnosis	MRD detection with more than one marker was significantly associated with lower EFS.	(99)
RT-PCR	DCX, TH	BM, PB Metastatic patients at diagnosis, after induction therapy, and at the end of treatment	High levels of DCX mRNAs in BM and PB at diagnosis or in BM after the induction therapy predicted significantly poor outcome. High levels of TH mRNAs in BM and PB at diagnosis, in PB after the induction therapy, or in PB at the end of treatment predicted significantly poor outcome.	(100)
RT-PCR	CHGA, DCX, DDC, PHOX2B, TH	BM, PB High-risk patients with relapsed/progressive disease or refractory disease	Levels of 5NB-mRNAs was significantly correlated with PFS.	(101)