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. 2019 Jun 10;9:8398. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-44879-9

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Brain correlates associated to experimental conditions effects on pain intensity perception. (a) Box plots (with median and quartile) and scatter plots of individual pain scores related to experimental conditions. Empathetic condition reduced significantly pain ratings as compared to Neutral (**p < 0.01) and Unempathetic conditions (*p < 0.05). (b) Activations (red: E or U > N) and deactivations (blue: N > E or U) superimposed on the anatomical scan averaged across all subjects. Empathetic and Unempathetic feedbacks from others both activated the right anterior insular cortex and the right posterior parietal cortex (PPC) compared to the Neutral condition. In addition, empathetic comments increased activity in the right dorso-lateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and decreased the middle frontal gyrus whereas an Unempathetic situation induced mainly a deactivation in the default mode network structures. Only, the activity of the Posterior Cingulate Cortex/Precuneus (PCC/Prec) distinguished between these two opposite contexts (E > U). Statistical maps are thresholded at FWE-corrected cluster-based p < 0.05 after voxel threshold at p < 0.001.