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. 2019 Jun 10;9:8398. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-44879-9

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Functional connectivity (FC) changes according to experimental conditions during pain stimulation. (a) List of brain regions considered for FC comparison analysis projected on a glass brain with HCP correspondences for pain-stimulation based pairwise correlation matrix (14 × 14). (b) The three 3D-glass brains represent the FC changes for the paired comparisons of experimental conditions. Empathetic feedback induced significant increase of connectivity between vmPFC and both posterior and anterior insula, between both anterior insular cortices (dotted line) and a FC decrease between vmPFC and PCC/Prec relative to the Neutral and Unempathetic conditions. Only FC changes between vmPFC and pI was not significant as compared to the Unempathetic condition. Unempathetic feedbacks induced only inter-hemispheric increases of FC between both vmPFC, and between aI and pI (p < 0.05, FP-corrected).