Table 1.

Summary statistics for the advancement of combinations past the various milestones in clinical trial development.

Milestone	Probability of achieving milestone (with 95% confidence interval)	Probability of achieving milestone given successful achievement of all preceding ones (with 95% confidence interval)	Number of combinations known to have achieved milestone	Number of combinations known to have failed milestone given successful achievement of all preceding ones
Past phase 1	39.8% (30.8%, 48.8%)	39.8% (30.8%, 48.8%)	45	68
Past phase 2	24.9% (15.3%, 34.4%)	62.5% (43.1%, 81.9%)	15	9
Past phase 3	18.7% (5.90%, 31.4%)	75.0% (32.6%, 100%)	3	1
Regulatory approval	12.4% (0.00%, 25.5%)	66.7% (13.3%, 100%)	2	1