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. 2019 Jun 4;13:569. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00569

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Copyright © 2019 Cheyuo, Aziz and Wang.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Proposed strategies for effective delivery of MFG-E8 to neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) in the brain. The blood–brain barrier (BBB) is made up of endothelial tight junctions and astrocyte endfeet. We propose that MFG-E8-enriched exosomes, administered either intranasally or intravenously, can effectively cross the BBB and deliver MFG-E8 to NSPC in the brain. MSP68 is a small peptide derivative of MFG-E8, which we presume would be able to cross the BBB due to its small size. Lastly, MFG-E8 can also be over-expressed in NSPC by plasmid-mediated delivery of the MFG-E8 gene into NSPC. Both MFG-E8 and MSP68 signal through the α_vβ₃ integrin receptor.