Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2019 Jun 4;13:244. doi: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00244

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

Copyright © 2019 Hakanen, Ruiz-Reig and Tissir.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

PMC Copyright notice

Intrinsic mechanisms for neuronal polarization in vitro. (A) Schematic representation of hippocampal neurons after 10 h in vitro with similar neurites in term of length and cytoskeleton architecture. (B) In the second stage of polarization, hippocampal neuron at stage of axon/dendrite specification. One of the neurites grows faster and becomes the axon. (B’,B”) Zooms in the boxed regions of (B) showing intracellular signaling of Par complex (Par3, Par6, and aPKC), and other polarity effectors in axon (B’) and dendrite (B”) specification. In the prospective axon, Par6 and Smurf1 are phosphorylated (Par6-P and Smurf1-P) and RhoA is degraded by ubiquitination (RhoA-U), while in the minor neurites Par6 is ubiquitinated (Par6-U). (C) Polarized neurons exhibit several dendrites (green) and one axon (red).