Table 3.

Major findings from studies under physical activity with cognition.

	Category of physical activity with cognition	Major findings
1	ERP-based	• ERP signals increase in PMC for MP and physical execution • CNV signals during MVC and MP • P300 increases with physical activity • No alpha when there's no cognitive task • Presence of mu-ERD in 60% of walking steps • P1 increases in parieto-occipital areas during low-intensity exercise • Peak latency of P3a decreases for high and low intensity exercises • No significant difference between P300 and N400 across fitness levels • Lower ERN amplitudes for fitter subjects • Theta and alpha increase when there is cognition; also P3b increases • Posterior P3 decreases during physical and cognitive tasks • Fronto-central N2 and theta increase during Sudoku solving and physical task • Alpha activity and error rate increase in monotonous cognitive task
2	Non-ERP-based	• Bursts of EEG signals in motor and frontal cortex when pressing a button • Sensorimotor areas are more active during MI or MP • PFC is most active during CAT • PMC and SMA are most active during execution and imagery respectively • PMC-DLPFC and PMC-SMA couplings increase for correct and incorrect imagery respectively • Alpha and theta increase in posterior and fronto-central areas during a Qigong exercise • Increase in alpha and beta power when cognitively aroused • Theta power increases when there is mental fatigue • Beta CMC decreases after leg resistance exercise • Visual cortex is more sensitive during active movement • Beta amplitudes decrease to improve attention and task performance after neurofeedback • Evolution of theta, alpha and beta frequencies during traction exercise with visual feedback • Active right and central parietal areas after an auditory distractor