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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Aug 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Sleep Res. 2017 Oct 19;27(4):e12627. doi: 10.1111/jsr.12627

Table 4. Recorded side effecls per monotherapy.

Side effects Monotherapy
Modafinil
(n = 117)		 Methylphenidate
(n = 40)		 Amphetamines
(n = 16)
Cardiac
  Hypertension        3 (2.7%)     0 (0%)     0 (0%)
  Palpitations      10 (8.9%)        3 (7.5%)        1 (6.2%)
Gastrointestinal
  Constipation          1 (0.89%)     0 (0%)     0 (0%)
  Dyspepsia        4 (3.6%)        1 (2.5%)          2 (12.5%)
  Faecal incontinence          1 (0.89%)     0 (0%)     0 (0%)
  Nausea        4 (3.6%)        1 (2.5%)        1 (6.2%)
  Vomit          1 (0.89%)     0 (0%)     0 (0%)
General
  Asthaenia (fatigue)          1 (0.89%)     0 (0%)     0 (0%)
Neurological
  Dizziness     0 (0%)        4 (10%)     0 (0%)
  Headache        17 (15.2%)        1 (2.5%)          2 (12.5%)
  Impaired concentration        3 (2.7%)     0 (0%)     0 (0%)
  Muscle cramps        2 (1.8%)     0 (0%)     0 (0%)
Psychiatric
  Anxiety        5 (4.4%)       6 (15%)     0 (0%)
  Hallucinations     0 (0%)     0 (0%)     0 (0%)
  Mood swings        12 (10.7%)          5 (12.5%)        1 (6.2%)
  Psychosis     0 (0%)     0 (0%)        1 (6.2%)
  Suicidal ideation          1 (0.89%)     0 (0%)     0 (0%)
Shin
  Skin rash        3 (2.7%)     0 (0%)     0 (0%)
Sleep disorders
  Enuresis     0 (0%)     0 (0%)     0 (0%)
  Insomnia        4 (3.6%)        1 (2.5%)     0 (0%)
  Sleepwalking     0 (0%)     0 (0%)     0 (0%)
Dose (mg)*
  Side effect occurred 285.8 ± 102.5 22.4 ± 12.6 25.0 ± 16.1
  No side effect 283.3 ± 122.8 21.3 ± 12.3 18.0 ± 12.3

Patients could have presented with more than one side effect for each drug.

*

Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation (SD). Comparison between drug doses based on the occurrence or not of a side effect: modafinil, P = 0.800; methylphenidale, P = 0.826; amphetamines, P = 0.675.