Table 1.
Pharmacogenetic associations in inflammatory bowel disease
| Class of drugs | Response | Gene | Clinical utility |
| 5-Aminosalicylates1 | Nephrotoxicity | HLA-DRB1 | No (low incidence, high allele frequency) |
| Thiopurines | Myelosuppression | TPMT NUDT15 | Yes |
| Alopecia | NUDT15 | Yes | |
| Pancreatitis | HLA-DQA1-HLA-DRB1 | Yes | |
| TNF-antagonists | Immunogenicity | HLA-DQA1 | Yes |
1
No attempt has been made to replicate this association in an independent cohort because of the scarcity of cases. Gene refers to the genes within genetic variants that have been associated to specific drug responses. HLA: Human leukocyte antigen; TPMT: Thiopurine S-methyltransferase; NUDT15: Nudix hydrolase 15.