Table 1. Demographic and Clinical Characteristics and Coronary Heart Disease Risk Factors of Individuals Assayed by DIHRMS in PROMISa.
| PROMIS
controls assayed by DIHRMS (n = 5662) |
All
PROMIS controls (n = 18 564) |
DHS
Pakistan (n = 13 558) |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| variable | no. of subjects | mean (SD) or % | no. of subjects | mean (SD) or % | no. of subjects | mean (SD) or % |
| Anthropometric markers | ||||||
| Age at survey (yrs) | 5662 | 54 (9) | 18 564 | 56 (9) | 13 558 | 33 (9) |
| Body-mass index (kg/m2) | 5562 | 26 (5) | 18 290 | 26 (5) | 4698 | 25 (6) |
| Waist-to-hip ratio | 5590 | 0.96 (0.13) | 18 344 | 0.95 (0.06) | – | – |
| Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 5587 | 128 (17) | 18 255 | 128 (17) | – | – |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 5584 | 81 (9) | 18 247 | 81 (10) | – | – |
| Circulating lipid biomarkers | ||||||
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 5542 | 4.63 (1.33) | 17 935 | 4.68 (1.30) | – | – |
| HDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | 5530 | 0.89 (0.27) | 17 881 | 0.93 (0.28) | – | – |
| LDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | 5439 | 2.77 (1.03) | 17 491 | 2.81 (1.01) | – | – |
| Non-HDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | 5530 | 3.75 (1.31) | 17 884 | 3.75 (1.27) | – | – |
| Loge triacylglycerides (mmol/L) | 5537 | 0.74 (0.53) | 17 920 | 0.69 (0.53) | – | – |
| Categorical variables | ||||||
| Sex | 5662 | 18 564 | 13 558 | |||
| Male | 4466 | 79% | 14 049 | 76% | 12 409 | 92% |
| Female | 1196 | 21% | 4515 | 24% | 1149 | 8% |
| Tobacco consumption status | 5651 | 18 512 | 13 542 | |||
| Current | 1727 | 31% | 5294 | 29% | 1016 | 8% |
| History of diabetes | 5651 | 18 516 | – | |||
| Yes | 780 | 14% | 2435 | 13% | – | – |
| Diabetic drug use status | 5654 | 18 540 | – | |||
| Yes | 561 | 10% | 1847 | 10% | – | – |
| Antihypertensive drug use status | 5655 | 18 539 | – | |||
| Yes | 909 | 16% | 3308 | 18% | – | – |
| CHD risk factors | ||||||
| Overweight | 5562 | 18 290 | 4698 | |||
| Yes | 3116 | 56% | 10 460 | 57% | 1891 | 40% |
| Obese | 5562 | 18 290 | 4698 | |||
| Yes | 926 | 17% | 2951 | 16% | 667 | 14% |
| Hypertension | 5587 | 18 257 | – | |||
| Yes | 987 | 18% | 3240 | 18% | – | – |
| Diabetes | 4212 | 8503 | – | |||
| Yes | 1612 | 38% | 3003 | 35% | – | – |
a
Definitions: Diabetes = HbA1c ≥ 6.5%; Hypertension = SBP ≥ 140 mm Hg or DBP ≥ 90 mm Hg; Obese = BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2; Overweight = BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2. Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; CHD, coronary heart disease; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; DHS, Demographic and Health Surveys; SBP, systolic blood pressure; SD, standard deviation. Note: Percentages may not add up to 100% due to rounding. Data for the overall Pakistani population was obtained from the DHS. A dash (−) indicates that data were not available.