Table 2.

Associations (β-estimates [95% CI]) of tertiles of serum sodium level with arterial stiffness at baseline

Pulse pressure	Tertile 1 (≤138 mmol/L) (n = 1,777)	Tertile 2 (139–140 mmol/L) (n = 2,927)	Tertile 3 (≥141 mmol/L) (n = 4,109)
Unadjusted	0.85 (0.01 to 1.70)	Ref	2.25 (1.57 to 2.93)
Model 1	0.60 (–0.15 to 1.34)	Ref	1.31 (0.71 to 1.91)
Model 2	0.27 (–0.47 to 1.01)	Ref	1.22 (0.63 to 1.82)
Model 3	0.34 (–0.40 to 1.08)	Ref	1.16 (0.57 to 1.76)
Model 4	0.75 (0.05 to 1.44)	Ref	0.87 (0.32 to 1.43)
CFPWV	Tertile 1 (≤138 mmol/L) (n = 134)	Tertile 2 (139–140 mmol/L) (n = 184)	Tertile 3 (≥141 mmol/L) (n = 273)
Unadjusted	0.35 (–0.25 to 0.96)	Ref	0.51 (0.00 to 1.02)
Model 1	0.28 (–0.31 to 0.86)	Ref	0.42 (–0.08 to 0.91)
Model 2	0.29 (–0.30 to 0.88)	Ref	0.39 (–0.11 to 0.89)
Model 3	0.37 (–0.23 to 0.97)	Ref	0.39 (–0.11 to 0.88)
Model 4	0.43 (–0.16 to 1.07)	Ref	0.35 (–0.14 to 0.84)

Abbreviations: ACR, albumin to creatinine ratio; CI, confidence interval; CFPWV, carotid–femoral pulse wave velocity; CKD, chronic kidney disease; CVD, cardiovascular disease; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate (Modification of Diet in Renal Disease equation); MAP, mean arterial pressure.

Model 1: adjusted for age, gender, race, and randomized treatment arm.

Model 2: adjusted for covariates in model 1 plus CVD, heart failure, smoking, body mass index, eGFR, urine ACR.

Model 3: adjusted for covariates in model 2 plus number of antihypertensive medications and diuretic use at baseline.

Model 4: adjusted for covariates in model 3 plus MAP and heart rate.