Table 1.
Characteristics of the included prospective cohort studies
| Study | Design and location | Study periods | Number of participants | Mean age | Male | Adiponectin measurement | AF outcome assessment | Follow-up duration | AF cases | Adjusted factors | Quality score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Year | Years | % | Years | n (%) | |||||||
| 2012 Framingham Offspring Study [13] | PC, U.S.A. | 1999–2009 | 2487 | 61 | 46 | Total, ELISA | ECG or Holter | 7.6 | 206 (8.3) | Age, sex, BMI, SBP, treatment of hypertension, PR interval, clinically significant cardiac murmur, HF, and CRP | 9 |
| 2014 Busselton Health Study [14] | PC, Australia | 1995–2010 | 4267 | 52 | 47 | Total, ELISA | Hospitalization of AF | 15.0 | 343 (8.0) | Age, sex, height, hypertension treatment and BMI | 8 |
| 2015 Cardiovascular Health Study [16] | PC, U.S.A. | 1992–2009 | 3190 | 74 (>65) | 36 | Total and HMW, ELISA | ECG or hospitalization of AF | 11.4 | 886 (27.8) | Age, sex, race, educational status, height, weight, SBP, treatment of hypertension, smoking, alcohol, self-reported health status, estimated GFR, NT-proBNP, subclinical CVD, DM, LDL-C, HDL-C, TG and hsCRP | 9 |
| 2015 Health ABC Study [15] | PC, U.S.A. | 1992–2013 | 2768 | 73 (70–79) | 48 | Total, RIA | ECG or hospitalization of AF | 10.9 | 721 (26.0) | Race, age, sex, BMI, smoking, alcohol, statin treatment, hypertension, DM, CAD, HF and study site | 9 |
| 2016 Women’s Health Initiative Study [17] | PC, U.S.A. | 1993–2014 | 4937 | 66 (50–79) | 0 | Total, Multiplex assay | ECG or hospitalization of AF | 11.1 | 892 (18.1) | Age, race, education, hypertension, DM, hyperlipidemia, CAD, HF, PAD, smoking, history of cancer and BMI | 9 |
| 2017 Bruneck Study [18] | PC, Austria | 1990–2010 | 909 | 59 (40–79) | 50.7 | Total, ELISA | ECG or Holter or hospitalization of AF | 20.0 | 117 (12.9) | Age and sex | 8 |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; CRP, C-reactive protein; GFR, glomerular filtrating rate; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; hsCRP, highly sensitive C-reactive protein; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; NT-proBNP, N-terminal pro-B type natriuretic peptide; PAD, peripheral artery disease; PC, prospective cohort; RIA, radioimmunoassay; SBP, systolic blood pressure; TG, triglyceride.