. 2019 Jun 10;14:173. doi: 10.1186/s13018-019-1177-y

Table 1.

Kinematic parameters

Parameter	Abbreviation	Description/formula
Measurement parameter-determined for each subject in measurement session 1 + 2 (test-retest)
Range of motion	ROM_G1/G2, ROM_V1/V2	Maximum range of motion measured within a method and session
Test-retest difference	DIFF_G/DIFF_V	Individual test-retest difference of ROM: DIFF_G = ROM_G1 − ROM_G2/DIFF_V = ROM_V1 − ROM_V2
Test-retest and repeatability parameter—between test and retest within the same method over all subjects
Mean difference	meanD_G/meanD_V	Mean DIFF_G/DIFF_V
Standard deviation of the difference	SDD_G/SDD_V	Standard deviation of DIFF_G/DIFF_V
Standard error of measurement	SEM_G/SEM_V	Estimated measurement precision according to de Vet²⁴: SEM = SDD/√2
Minimal detectable difference	MDD_G/MDD_V	MDD = 1.96 × SDD
% within 5° or 10°	PD_G < 5° or < 10°/PD_V < 5° or < 10°	Percentage of subjects with an absolute \|DIFF_G\|/\|DIFF_V\| smaller than 5° or 10°
Intraclass correlation coefficient	ICC_G/ICC_V	Intraclass correlation coefficient (3,1) of the test-retest measurement of the ROM
Method comparison—between measurement methods
Mean ROM	Mean_romG/Mean_romV	Mean ROM of test and retest of each subjects averaged over all subjects
Standard deviation of ROM	SD_romG/SD_romV	Standard deviation of Mean_romG/Mean_romV