TABLE 6.

D₂ antagonist efficacy in animal studies

Compound	Dose (mg/kg)	Timing	Model	Efficacy	Source	Note
Bromocriptine	1 to 2	QD	MNNG-induced Wistar rats (gastric cancer)	∼2.5-Fold increase in tumor number	Iishi et al. (1992)	Agonist
Chlorpromazine	10	QD×5	OVCAR-3 Xenograft, nude mice	64% Tumor growth suppression	Choi et al. (2008)
Chlorpromazine	20	QD	U87MG Xenograft	43.5% Inhibition of tumor growth	Shin et al. (2013)
Fluphenazine	10	QD×5	OVCAR-3 Xenograft, nude mice	Toxicity - ND	Choi et al. (2008)
Haloperidol	10	QD	MiaPaCa-2 Xenograft in NSG mice	∼50% Decrease in tumor mass	Jandaghi et al. (2016)
Haloperidol	10	QD	U87MG Xenograft	No significant reductions in tumor size or survival	Li et al. (2014)	Synergy with AG1478
Imipramine	40	QD	GRLp53het Mice	2-Fold increase in survival time over control	Shchors et al. (2015)	Cooperated with ticlopidine to enhance autophagy and increase survival
L-741,742	20	QD	G362 Xenograft, flank and intracranial	40.9% Reduction in tumor mass, prolonged survival	Dolma et al. (2016)	Synergy with TMZ
Penfluridol	10	QD	4T1 Orthotopic mammary xenografts, female Balb/c mice	49% Reduction in tumor size	Ranjan and Srivastava (2016)
Penfluridol	10	QD	4T1-luc Intracardiac metastasis model, female Balb/c	90% Reduction in brain fluorescence from luciferase reporter	Ranjan and Srivastava (2016)
Penfluridol	10	QD	4T1 Intracranial xenograft	∼33% Reduction in brain fluorescence from luciferase reporter	Ranjan and Srivastava (2016)
Penfluridol	10	QD	BxPC-3 Xenografts (subcutaneous) in athymic nude mice	∼50% Reduction in tumor volume at day 27	Ranjan and Srivastava (2016)
Perphenazine	10	QD	hTALL2 Cells in NSG mice	∼33% Reduction in luciferase bioluminescence	Gutierrez et al. (2014)
Pnu 96415e	20	QD	G362 Xenograft, flank	44.3% Reduction in tumor mass	Dolma et al. (2016)
Quinpirole	10	QD	LLC1 Xenograft	∼66% Reduction in bioluminescence	Hoeppner et al. (2015)	Agonist
Thioridazine	10	QD×5	OVCAR-3 Xenograft, nude mice	26% Tumor growth suppression	Choi et al. (2008)
Thioridazine	Pretreatment of cells		NCI-N87 Xenograft	Slight, insignificant reductions in tumor size or survival	Mu et al. (2014)	Pretreatment with 5 µm thioridazine
Thioridazine	300 μg/animal	QD	Ocl-Ly10 Xenograft, nude mice		Nagel et al. (2012)
Thioridazine	25	QD	2774 Xenografts, nude mice	>50% Reduction in tumor size and volume, significantly reduced Ki67 staining	Park et al. (2014)	Oral delivery
Thioridazine	32	QD	4T1 Xenograft in BALB/c	55% Reduction in tumor volume	Yin et al. (2015)
Thioridazine	Pretreatment of cells		NCI-H1299	∼50% Reduction in tumor size at day 47	Yue et al. (2016)
Trifluoperazine	10	2×/wk	MDA-MB-231 Xenografts, nude mice	∼50% Reduction in tumor volume at day 33	Park et al. (2016)
Trifluoperazine	5	QD	CL97 Tail vein injection NOD/SCID	Significant reduction in bioluminescence/tumor size	Yeh et al. (2012)
Trifluoperazine	10	QD×5	OVCAR-3 Xenograft, nude mice	46% Tumor growth suppression	Choi et al. (2008)