Table 1.
Characteristics of HOPE Study Participants, 2003–2008
| Controls (N=1,572) N (%) |
Cases (N=689) N (%) |
P-Value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | <0.001 | ||
| <50 | 450(28.6) | 133(19.3) | |
| 50–54 | 211(13.4) | 96 (13.9) | |
| 55–59 | 279(17.8) | 113(16.4) | |
| 60–64 | 178(11.3) | 93 (13.5) | |
| 65–69 | 175(11.1) | 83 (12.1) | |
| 70+ | 279(17.8) | 171(24.8) | |
| Race | 0.001 | ||
| White | 1530 (97.3) | 652(94.6) | |
| Black | 27(1.7) | 31(4.5) | |
| Other | 15(1.0) | 6 (0.9) | |
| Education | <0.001 | ||
| Less than High School | 75(4.8) | 74 (10.7) | |
| High School | 488(31.0) | 249(36.1) | |
| Post High School Training | 495(31.5) | 191(27.7) | |
| College Graduate | 514(32.7) | 175(25.4) | |
| Menopausal Status | 0.003 | ||
| Pre-menopausal | 481(30.6) | 168(24.4) | |
| Post-menopausal | 1039 (66.1) | 505(73.3) | |
| Unknown | 52(3.3) | 16(2.3) | |
| Body Mass Index (BMI), kg/m2 | 0.409 | ||
| <25 | 595 (37.9) | 243(35.3) | |
| 25–29 | 466(29.7) | 204(29.7) | |
| ≥30 | 510(32.5) | 241(35.0) | |
| Oral Contraceptive use | <0.001 | ||
| Never | 451(28.7) | 271(39.3) | |
| Ever | 1121 (71.3) | 418(60.7) | |
| Duration of Oral Contraceptive Use, years | <0.001 | ||
| 0 | 451(28.7) | 271(39.3) | |
| <1 | 247(15.7) | 126(18.3) | |
| 1–4 | 425(27.0) | 156(22.6) | |
| 5–9 | 267(17.0) | 94 (13.6) | |
| 10+ | 182(11.6) | 42(6.1) | |
| Number of Full Births | 0.212 | ||
| 1 | 231(14.7) | 120(17.4) | |
| 2 | 601(38.2) | 264(38.3) | |
| 3+ | 740(47.1) | 305(44.3) | |
| Tubal Ligation | <0.001 | ||
| No | 979(62.3) | 496(72.0) | |
| Yes | 593(37.7) | 193(28.0) | |
| Hysterectomy | 0.002 | ||
| No | 1284 (81.7) | 523(75.9) | |
| Yes | 288(18.3) | 166(24.1) | |
| Hormone Replacement Therapy Use | 0.984 | ||
| Never | 982(62.5) | 432(62.7) | |
| Ever | 540(34.4) | 236(34.3) | |
| Unknown | 50(3.2) | 21(3.1) | |
| Smoking Status | 0.473 | ||
| Never Smoker | 779(49.6) | 340(49.4) | |
| Current Smoker | 298(19.0) | 118(17.1) | |
| Former Smoker | 495(31.4) | 231(33.5) | |
| Family History of Breast or Ovarian | 0.02 | ||
| Cancer | |||
| No | 1301 (82.9) | 541(78.8) | |
| Yes | 269(17.1) | 146(21.3) | |
| History of Endometriosis | 0.318 | ||
| No | 1465 (93.2) | 634(92.0) | |
| Yes | 107 (6.8) | 55(8.0) | |