Figure 3.

Pathways from adolescent pregnancy to child undernutrition through maternal nutrition, health services, infant and young child feeding practices, living conditions, women's education, and bargaining power

Bold font and shading for the mediating variables indicates that the variable was important in mediating the association between adolescent pregnancy and child height-for-age Z score (p<0·1 for both steps). Numbers in the paths are regression coefficients. Figure presents paths from the three path models that were run. Model 1 included variables for maternal nutritional status, access to health and nutrition services, living conditions, and women's education. Model 2 included all variables in model 1 plus the child feeding variables shown, in the subsample of mothers with children 6–24 months of age (n=25 494). Model 3 included all variables in model 1 plus the bargaining power variables shown, in the subsample with data available (n=10 340). All models adjusted for maternal caste and religion and child age and sex and controlled for the cluster sampling design and sampling weights used in the survey. Coefficients shown in the figure are from Model 1, except for those for child feeding (from Model 2) and bargaining power (from Model 3). HAZ=Length or height-for-age Z score. *Constructed from principal components analysis of asset ownership.