Table 1.

Demographic, behavioral, and clinical characteristics of HIV-infected persons aged 15–64 years by HIV disclosure status, Kenya 2012

	Disclosed HIV infection (n=271)		Undisclosed HIV infection on ART (n=55)		Unadjusted odds ratio (95% CI)	p-value	Adjusted odds ratio (95% CI)
Demographic variables
Sex
Men	64	74.6 (63.1 – 86.0)	19	25.4 (14.0 – 36.9)	2.0 (1.0 – 4.0)	0.057	2.9 (0.8 – 10.5)
Women	207	85.2 (79.8 – 90.6)	36	14.8 (9.4 – 20.2)	1.0		1.0

Age category (years)
15 – 24	15	55.3 (29.7 – 80.9)	8	44.7 (19.1 – 70.3)	4.1 (1.2 – 13.4)	0.051	8.8 (0.5 – 150.9)
25 – 39	131	84.0 (75.2 – 92.8)	23	16.0 (7.2 – 24.8)	1.0 (0.4 – 2.1)		5.0 (1.1 – 22.0)
40 – 64	125	83.4 (76.5 – 90.4)	24	16.6 (9.6 – 23.5)	1.0		1.0

Region
Nairobi	24	79.1 (64.1 – 94.0)	6	20.9 (6.0 – 35.9)	1.0	0.139	1.0
Central	26	79.9 (62.0 – 97.8)	5	20.1 (2.2 – 38.0)	1.0 (0.2 – 4.0)		2.2 (0.1 – 40.0)
Coast	22	76.3 (59.9 – 92.7)	9	23.7 (7.3 – 40.1)	1.2 (0.3 – 4.2)		1.1 (0.03 – 40.0)
Eastern	33	71.1 (52.4 – 89.9)	12	28.9 (10.1 – 47.6)	1.5 (0.4 – 5.5)		5.2 (0.3 – 100.0)
Nyanza	111	89.0 (83.1 – 94.8)	13	11.0 (5.2 – 16.9)	0.5 (0.2 – 1.4)		0.7 (0.06 – 7.8)
Rift Valley	28	71.8 (51.1 – 92.5)	9	28.2 (7.5 – 48.9)	1.5 (0.4 – 5.8)		2.5 (0.3 – 22.5)
Western	27	95.7 (87.5 – 100)	1	4.3 (0.0 – 12.5)	0.2 (0.02 – 1.5)		0.8 (0.04 – 16.7)

Residence
Rural	160	86.0 (79.7 – 92.2)	25	14.0 (7.8 – 20.3)	1.0	0.091	0.6 (0.1 – 2.7)
Urban	111	76.2 (66.1 – 86.3)	30	23.8 (13.7 – 33.9)	1.9 (0.9 – 4.1)		1.0

Educational level
No primary	14	74.8 (50.2 – 99.4)	6	25.2 (0.6 – 49.8)	1.5 (0.4 – 5.9)	0.825	--
Incomplete primary	22	83.2 (67.1 – 99.4)	4	16.8 (0.6 – 32.9)	0.9 (0.3 – 2.9)		--
Primary and higher	235	81.8 (75.9 – 87.8)	45	18.2 (12.2 – 24.1)	1.0		--

Wealth index
Lowest	42	90.4 (81.0 – 99.9)	7	9.6 (0.1 – 19.0)	0.8 (0.2 – 2.9)	0.003	0.8 (0.1 – 8.1)
Middle	133	88.5 (82.3 – 94.8)	17	11.5 (5.2 – 17.7)	1.0		1.0
Highest	96	70.1 (59.4 – 80.8)	31	29.9 (19.2 – 40.6)	3.3 (1.5 – 7.2)		4.6 (0.8 – 27.2)

Current Marital status
Never married/cohabited	23	79.7 (57.3 – 100)	4	20.3 (0.0 – 42.7)	1.0	0.857	--
Ever married/cohabited	248	81.9 (75.7 – 88.0)	51	18.1 (12.0 – 24.3)	0.9 (0.2 – 3.9)		--

Behavioral variables
Number of sex partners in past year
0	86	85.8 (76.2 – 95.4)	11	14.2 (4.6 – 23.8)	1.0	0.559	--
1	156	79.5 (71.5 – 87.6)	37	20.5 (12.4 – 28.5)	1.6 (0.6 – 4.1)		--
2 or more	28	85.0 (71.8 – 98.3)	6	15.0 (1.7 – 28.2)	1.1 (0.3 – 3.8)		--

Used a condom with all partners in past year
Yes	79	82.4 (73.3 – 91.5)	12	17.6 (8.5 – 26.7)	0.8 (0.4 – 1.8)	0.604	--
No	105	79.0 (69.2 – 88.9)	31	21.0 (11.1 – 30.8)	1.0		--

Knows HIV status of all partners in past year
Yes	119	80.4 (70.7 – 90.2)	26	19.6 (9.8 – 29.3)	1.0 (0.4 – 2.3)	0.981	--
No	65	80.3 (71.1 – 89.5)	17	19.7 (10.5 – 28.9)	1.0		--

Clinical variables
Visited health provider in past 12 months
Yes	182	86.9 (81.2 – 92.5)	26	13.1 (7.5 – 18.8)	1.0		1.0
No	88	73.1 (61.9 – 84.4)	28	26.9 (15.6 – 38.1)	2.4 (1.2 – 5.1)	0.018	6.1 (1.4 – 26.1)

Diagnosed with tuberculosis (ever)
Yes	55	84.6 (72.7 – 96.5)	7	15.4 (3.5 – 27.3)	0.8 (0.3 – 2.0)	0.614	--
No	209	81.2 (75.3 – 87.1)	46	18.8 (12.9 – 24.7)	1.0		--

HIV-1 RNA concentration^†
Detectable RNA	107	87.9 (81.2 – 94.6)	15	12.1 (5.4 – 18.8)	1.0	0.039	1.0
Undetectable RNA	162	78.0 (70.7 – 85.2)	40	22.0 (14.8 – 29.3)	2.1 (1.0 – 4.1)		2.9 (0.6 – 14.7)

Median CD4+ T-cell count (IQR) (cells/mm³)	145	550 (337 – 848)	27	437 (276 – 654)	--	0.345	--

^†

Detectable RNA defined as HIV-1 RNA concentration ≥1,000 copies/mL. Undetectable RNA defined as HIV-1 RNA <1,000 copies/mL.

IQR = interquartile range.

Bolded adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals are those that are statistically significant.