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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 May 1.
Published in final edited form as: Am Econ Rev. 2019 May;109(5):1684–1716. doi: 10.1257/aer.20151057

Table 6:

Normative Estimates Using Alternative Approaches/ Benchmarks

Benefit of SN in $1,000 Optimal SN per Res
Baseline Estimates 133.3 0.38
Harrington et al. (2000) ≥0.32
Health Returns Approach 157.3
Life-Cycle Approach 96.6
Assets Among Private Payers 133.8

Notes. Harrington et al. (2000) recommend a minimum staffing ratio of 0.32.