Table 2.
Regression Coefficients (95% Confidence Intervals) from Linear Mixed Models of Depressive Symptoms in the NEXT Generation Health Study, Waves 1–6 (n=2,752).
| Characteristic | Age-adjustedc | Model 1d | Model 2e | Model 3f | Model 4g |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Neighborhood | |||||
| Gini coefficient of income inequalitya,b | |||||
| Lowest quartile | Referent | Referent | Referent | Referent | Referent |
| Second quartile | 0.17 (−0.35, 0.69) | 0.10 (−0.43, 0.64) | 0.10 (−0.45, 0.64) | 0.10 (−0.45, 0.66) | 0.15 (−0.43, 0.73) |
| Third quartile | −0.23 (−0.79, 0.33) | −0.33 (−0.90, 0.23) | −0.41 (−1.00, 0.17) | −0.38 (−0.98, 0.21) | −0.34 (−0.96, 0.28) |
| Highest quartile | −0.34 (−0.93, 0.24) | −0.43 (−1.02, 0.16) | −0.56 (−1.18, 0.05) | −0.46 (−1.14, 0.22) | −0.43 (−1.14, 0.29) |
| F, df=3 (P) | 1.3 (0.26) | 1.7 (0.18) | 2.4 (0.07) | 1.6 (0.18) | 1.6 (0.18) |
| Median household incomea,b | |||||
| Lowest quartile | −0.31 (−0.92, 0.30) | −0.46 (−1.09, 0.17) | −0.54 (−1.20, 0.11) | −0.30 (−1.01, 0.42) | −0.27 (−1.19, 0.64) |
| Second quartile | 0.10 (−0.51, 0.72) | 0.03 (−0.60, 0.65) | −0.06 (−0.68, 0.57) | 0.03 (−0.63, 0.69) | 0.06 (−0.68, 0.80) |
| Third quartile | −0.26 (−0.81, 0.30) | −0.28 (−0.86, 0.31) | −0.36 (−0.92, 0.20) | −0.29 (−0.87, 0.28) | −0.27 (−0.88, 0.34) |
| Highest quartile | Referent | Referent | Referent | Referent | Referent |
| F, df=3 (P) | 1.0 (0.39) | 1.3 (0.27) | 1.5 (0.22) | 0.8 (0.50) | 0.7 (0.53) |
| Social Fragmentation Indexa,b | |||||
| Lowest quartile | Referent | Referent | Referent | ||
| Second quartile | 0.22 (−0.28, 0.72) | 0.12 (−0.40, 0.64) | 0.06 (−0.54, 0.66) | ||
| Third quartile | −0.32 (−0.95, 0.31) | −0.49 (−1.16, 0.18) | −0.56 (−1.39, 0.27) | ||
| Highest quartile | 0.17 (−0.52, 0.87) | 0.03 (−0.75, 0.82) | 0.06 (−0.95, 1.07) | ||
| F, df=3 (P) | 1.3 (0.27) | 1.6 (0.20) | 1.7 (0.17) | ||
| Percentage of race/ethnic minority residentsa,b | |||||
| Lowest quartile | Referent | Referent | Referent | Referent | |
| Second quartile | 0.54 (0.02, 1.06) | 0.45 (−0.07, 0.97) | 0.61 (0.07, 1.16) | 0.66 (0.09, 1.23) | |
| Third quartile | 0.66 (−0.06, 1.37) | 0.48 (−0.31, 1.26) | 0.71 (−0.08, 1.50) | 0.88 (0.01, 1.74) | |
| Highest quartile | 0.19 (−0.63, 1.01) | −0.07 (−1.00, 0.86) | 0.14 (−0.79, 1.07) | 0.32 (−0.66, 1.31) | |
| F, df=3 (P) | 2.0 (0.12) | 1.7 (0.16) | 2.6 (0.05) | 2.5 (0.06) | |
| Respondent/Family | |||||
| Age, per yearb | −0.08 (−0.17, 0.00) | −0.08 (−0.16, 0.01) | |||
| Male Sex | −4.95 (−5.62, −4.29) | −4.94 (−5.61, −4.27) | −4.95 (−5.62, −4.28) | ||
| Race/Ethnicity | |||||
| Non-Hispanic White | Referent | Referent | Referent | ||
| Non-Hispanic Black/African American | 0.83 (−0.13, 1.80) | 0.38 (−0.68, 1.43) | 0.41 (−0.73, 1.55) | ||
| Hispanic or Latino | 0.18 (−0.72, 1.09) | 0.17 (−0.84, 1.18) | 0.19 (−0.87, 1.25) | ||
| Other | 2.58 (0.97, 4.19) | 2.22 (0.61, 3.84) | 2.22 (0.58, 3.86) | ||
| F, df=3 (P) | 3.9 (0.01) | 2.6 (0.05) | 2.5 (0.06) | ||
| Family Affluence | |||||
| Low | 0.51 (−0.44, 1.45) | 0.60 (−0.33, 1.53) | 0.59 (−0.35, 1.54) | ||
| Medium | −0.09 (−0.95, 0.77) | 0.13 (−0.72, 0.98) | 0.13 (−0.71, 0.98) | ||
| High | Referent | Referent | Referent | ||
| F, df=2 (P) | 1.1 (0.35) | 1.0 (0.38) | 0.9 (0.40) |
Age and neighborhood characteristics are modeled as time varying.
Neighborhood measures at each wave were standardized to a mean of 0 and standard deviation of 1 in all U.S. census tracts.
Each variable is modeled separately, adjusted only for respondent age.
Each neighborhood characteristic is analyzed in a separate regression adjusted for respondent- and family-level covariates.
Income inequality and median household income are modeled separately, each adjusted for respondent-/family- and neighborhood-level covariates.
Income inequality and median household income are modeled simultaneously, adjusted for respondent-/family- and neighborhood-level covariates.
All neighborhood, respondent- and family-level characteristics are entered simultaneously into a single model.