Table 1.

Measures in the 4CV1 Survey questionnaire

Demographic Variables: Gender, age, ethnicity, education, income, state of health

Other personal moderators: Quitting history, nicotine dependence, levels of stress including financial stress and depressed mood, use of intoxicants (e.g., alcohol, cannabis), and experiences of use

Environmental moderators: Number of smokers/NVP users in the household, and in social network

Policy-specific (proximal) variables (same measures for cigarettes/smoking and NVP use unless indicated):

1) Price paid per unit of product, total weekly cost, product type/variant, purchasing unit, price perceptions

2) Use of cessation services, recall of advice, NVP and/or other medicines use in conjunction with professional assistance, advice on appropriateness of NVP use

3) Advertising/ marketing: noticing advertising and frequency in key channels (TV, print, internet), susceptibility to advertising, reports about whether NVP advertising makes respondent think about cigarettes

4) Health warnings and packaging: salience and noticing of health warnings (if any), brand usage, perceived risks, perceived impact on product use; forgoing cigarettes/NVPs because of the warnings

5) Vapor-free laws: exposure to vaping across a range of settings, perceived impact on product use, reports on restrictions

6) Restrictions on access: perceived availability

7) Nicotine content, flavor and other product characteristics: nicotine content and flavors of vaping brands used, perceived addictiveness of NVPs and cigarettes, and NVP appeal

8) Media campaigns: awareness and recall of media campaigns on NVPs

Non-policy-specific (distal) psychosocial mediator variables: Social norms for both vaping and smoking, outcome expectancies, intentions for NVP use, reasons for NVP use, self-efficacy and intentions to quit smoking; relative harmfulness, health concerns, functions of smoking, substitutability of functions to NVP.

NVP and tobacco use behaviors: Key outcomes along with some of the distal variables for intermediary analyses. Use of NVPs and other nicotine products: frequency of use, duration, and intensity of use (e.g., cigarettes per day); usual brand/type of product; quit attempts (smoking), duration of abstinence (smoking), product switching.