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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Jul 1.
Published in final edited form as: Ann Biomed Eng. 2019 Apr 8;47(7):1596–1610. doi: 10.1007/s10439-019-02263-8

Figure 5.

Figure 5.

TNF-α impairs contractile force generation in human myobundles. (A) Myobundles treated daily for 5 days with either vehicle or TNF-α (100–10,000U/mL) at the onset of differentiation displayed an increased depression of both (A) twitch and (B) tetanus force with increasing TNF-α concentrations. (C) Relationship between tetanus force and percent of nuclei in MHC-positive fibers. Data are expressed as mean±SEM of 3 donors with 4 biological replicates. Myobundle (D) time to peak twitch and (E) half relaxation time as a function of TNF-α concentration. (F) Myobundle LDH Release as compared to a lysed control condition after 5 days of daily dosing with 1,000U/mL TNF-α. Data are expressed as mean±SEM of 3 donors with 2 biological replicates per donor.