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. 2019 Jun 11;9:8465. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-44900-1

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Raman spectra of the PPy NRs (a) and PPy NPs (b) before (green line) and after the exposure to ammonia (blue and brown line); Relative changes of each Raman band area [(A_ref − A_NH3)/(A_ref)] for the PPy NRs (c) and PPy NPs (d) after ammonia exposure. The area of the corresponding band (i.e., C, D, E, etc.) before and after ammonia exposure is expressed by A_ref and A_NH3, respectively. The patterned columns represent an increase in peak area after ammonia exposure, whereas the full color columns represent a decrease.