Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of study participants.
| Variables | Cases | Controls | P |
|---|---|---|---|
| N(%) | N(%) | ||
| Overall | 113 | 396 | |
| Maternal age at delivery (years) | |||
| <25 | 15 (13.27) | 62 (15.66) | 0.059a |
| 25~30 | 51 (45.13) | 212 (53.54) | |
| 30~35 | 32 (28.32) | 97 (24.49) | |
| ≥35 | 15 (13.27) | 25 (6.31) | |
| BMI (kg/m 2 ) | |||
| <25% | 23 (20.35) | 98 (24.75) | 0.149a |
| 25~50% | 28 (24.78) | 100 (25.25) | |
| 50~75% | 19 (19.47) | 99 (25.00) | |
| ≥75% | 40 (35.40) | 99 (25.00) | |
| Maternal exposure to secondhand smoke | |||
| ≥Half an hour a day | 9 (7.96) | 27 (6.82) | 0.310a |
| <Half an hour a day | 21 (18.59) | 101 (25.51) | |
| Never | 83 (73.45) | 268 (67.67) | |
| Pregnant experience | |||
| Ever | 51 (45.13) | 167 (42.17) | 0.575a |
| Never | 62 (54.87) | 229 (57.83) | |
| Regular exercises | |||
| Daily | 6 (5.31) | 17 (4.29) | 0.318a |
| 3~6 Times per week | 3 (2.65) | 27 (6.82) | |
| 1~2 Times per week | 28 (24.78) | 109 (27.53) | |
| Never | 76 (67.26) | 243 (61.36) | |
| RTL (Mean ± SD) | 0.302 ± 0.112 | 0.336 ± 0.164 | 0.046b |
| Gestation weeks of RTL (Mean ± SD) | 37.562 ± 1.319 | 37.820 ± 1.890 | 0.225b |
| Gestation weeks of lipid (Mean ± SD) | 32.482 ± 1.344 | 32.843 ± 3.077 | 0.284b |
| TC (Mean ± SD) | 5.681 ± 1.084 | 5.927 ± 1.252 | 0.136b |
| TG (Mean ± SD) | 2.754 ± 1.037 | 2.790 ± 1.417 | 0.841b |
| LDL (Mean ± SD) | 2.757 ± 0.820 | 2.897 ± 0.919 | 0.252b |
| HDL (Mean ± SD) | 1.666 ± 0.420 | 1.728 ± 0.426 | 0.284b |
| FBG (Mean ± SD) | 4.568 ± 0.530 | 4.511 ± 0.361 | 0.232b |
| 1-hour PBG (Mean ± SD) | 9.881 ± 1.384 | 8.489 ± 1.204 | <0.01b |
| 2-hour PBG (Mean ± SD) | 8.482 (1.295) | 6.790 ± 0.833 | <0.01b |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; RTL, relative telomere length; FBG, fasting blood glucose; PBG, postprandial blood glucose; SD, standard deviation; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglycerides; LDL, low density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL, high density lipoprotein cholesterol.
aP value for χ2-test that was used to compare the differences between variables.
bP value for paired t-test that was used to compare the differences between variables.