TABLE 1.
The baseline clinical and biochemical characteristics of all the study populations.
| Variables |
ACS patients (n = 92) |
Controls (n = 96) | pa | pb | pc | ||
| STEMI (n = 62) | NSTEMI (n = 20) | UA (n = 10) | |||||
| Age, years, mean (SD) | 62.7(10.7) | 65.0(13.0) | 60.8(12.1) | 63.3(12.1) | 0.739 | 0.590 | 0.532 |
| Sex, male, no (%) | 54(87.1) | 15(75.0) | 9(90.0) | 83(86.5) | 0.908 | 0.198 | 0.753 |
| SBP, mmHg, mean (SD) | 125.7(25.8) | 135.5(21.2) | 142.1(21.1) | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| DBP, mmHg, mean (SD) | 73.0(13.2) | 78.4(13.1) | 78.8(15.2) | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| TC, mmol/L, mean (SD) | 4.41(0.97) | 4.80(1.07) | 4.36(0.73) | 4.49(0.58) | 0.540 | 0.097 | 0.611 |
| TG, mmol/L, median (IQR) | 1.54(1.04–2.08) | 1.83(1.22–2.54) | 1.10(0.76–1.62) | 1.04(0.79–1.31) | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.700 |
| HDL-C, mmol/L, median (IQR) | 0.96(0.87–1.23) | 1.05(0.95–1.35) | 0.93(0.85–1.18) | 1.38(1.19–1.56) | <0.001 | 0.023 | 0.005 |
| LDL-C, mmol/L, mean (SD) | 2.44(0.80) | 2.69(0.66) | 2.63(0.49) | 2.69(0.58) | 0.167 | 0.997 | 0.818 |
| GLU, mmol/L, median (IQR) | 8.25(6.33–11.38) | 7.70(5.80–13.10) | 6.35(4.53–8.33) | 5.00(4.78–5.43) | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.087 |
| NLR, median (IQR) | 3.35(1.83–6.72) | 5.14(3.13–6.16) | 2.49(1.96–4.69) | 1.74(1.35–2.23) | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.012 |
| PLR, median (IQR) | 124.7(78.9–198.6) | 114.7(80.2–158.6) | 117.1(91.6–226.8) | 100.9(76.9–131.0) | 0.002 | 0.048 | 0.041 |
| SII, median (IQR) | 662.7(376.7–1322.7) | 910.9(597.3–1213.4) | 559.0(297.5–1164.0) | 331.5(253.0–473.8) | <0.001 | 0.001 | 0.044 |
| ALB, g/L, median (IQR) | 41.8(37.6–44.0) | 39.8(37.7–44.1) | 41.6(38.0–43.5) | 44.3(43.6–48.1) | 0.006 | 0.004 | 0.004 |
| DD, mg/L, median (IQR) | 0.34(0.19–0.50) | 0.29(0.09–0.73) | 0.38(0.25–0.56) | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| NT-pro-BNP, pmol/L, median (IQR) | 21.8(5.80–113.40) | 127.3(13.75–436.90) | 33.50(30.90–60.40) | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| cTnI, ng/mL, median (IQR) | 0.26(0.06–5.89) | 0.13(0.04–6.43) | 0.11(0.03–1.02) | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| CK, IU/L, median (IQR) | 134.00(83.50–414.75) | 106.00(43.25–346.25) | 77.00(46.50–103.00) | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| CK-MB, IU/L, median (IQR) | 18.00(9.00–61.00) | 18.00(5.00–38.00) | 10.00(4.00–19.00) | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Hypertension (%) | 45(72.6) | 12(60.0) | 9(90.0) | 0(0) | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Diabetes mellitus (%) | 24(38.7) | 12(60.0) | 4(40.0) | 0(0) | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Dyslipipidemia (%) | 17(27.4) | 12(60.0) | 4(40.0) | 0(0) | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Tobacco use (%) | 29(46.8) | 13(65.0) | 6(60.0) | 23(24.0) | 0.003 | <0.001 | 0.015 |
| Grace scores, mean (SD) | 150.8(27.8) | 138.0(37.8) | 130.7(30.0) | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Gensini scores, mean (SD) | 66.6(30.9) | 49.5(19.0) | 72.2(27.7) | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| LVEF, %, mean,(SD) | 55.3(8.1) | 58.5(8.2) | 60.9(7.3) | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| WMSI, mean, SD | 1.19(0.22) | 1.09(0.16) | 1.10(0.17) | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Number of affected vessel, no (%) | |||||||
| 1-VD | 14(22.6) | 2(10.0) | 2(20.0) | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| 2-VD | 20(32.3) | 11(55.0) | 3(30.0) | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| 3-VD | 28(45.1) | 7(35.0) | 5(50.0) | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Type of affected vessel, no (%) | |||||||
| LM | 3(4.8) | 0(0) | 0(0) | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| LAD | 39(62.9) | 19(95.0) | 8(80.0) | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| LCX | 26(41.9) | 7(35.0) | 7(70.0) | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| RCA | 34(54.8) | 8(40.0) | 7(70.0) | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Stenosis severity, mean, (SD) | |||||||
| Overall vessels | 71.6(12.1) | 73.4(13.3) | 81.8(15.1) | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Stent-placed vessels | 92.9(7.52) | 92.4(7.09) | 92.2(6.25) | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Stent-unplaced vessels | 42.5(10.4) | 42.2(11.8) | 45.0(10.0) | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
ACS, acute coronary syndrome; STEMI, ST elevation myocardial infarction; NSTEMI, non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction; UA, unstable angina; SD, standard deviation; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglyceride; IQR, interquartile range; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; GLU, glucose levels upon admission; NLR, neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio; PLR, platelet-lymphocyte ratio; SII, immune inflammation index; ALB, serum albumin; DD, plasma D-dimer; NT-pro BNP, N-Terminal-pro-B-Type Natriuretic Peptide; cTnI, cardiac troponin I; CK, ckinase; CK-MB, ckinase-MB; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; 1-VD, single-vessel disease; 2-VD, two-vessel disease; 3-VD, three-vessel disease; LAD, left anterior descending; LCX, left circumflex artery; RCA, right coronary artery; N/A, not applicable. aControls vs. STEMI, bControls vs. NSTEMI, cControls vs. UA.