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. 2019 Jun 11;19:119. doi: 10.1186/s12862-019-1430-3

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© The Author(s). 2019

Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Fig. 6 — Time-calibrated phylogeny of 96 fishes based on 13 mitochondrial genes. The black dots represent calibration points, and the five-pointed star represents a seahorse fossil. Cross-sections of the brood pouch:, fully enclosed pouch;, enclosed pouch (inverted);, rudimentary pouch with plates and skin-folds;, individual egg compartments;, unprotected eggs (free spawning)

Inline graphic — Time-calibrated phylogeny of 96 fishes based on 13 mitochondrial genes. The black dots represent calibration points, and the five-pointed star represents a seahorse fossil. Cross-sections of the brood pouch:, fully enclosed pouch;, enclosed pouch (inverted);, rudimentary pouch with plates and skin-folds;, individual egg compartments;, unprotected eggs (free spawning)