Table 2.
Factors associated with intestinal parasitosis among patients at Shahura Health Center, Northwest Ethiopia, 2018
| Factors associated with intestinal parasitosis | Number (%) | Number of +ve for IP (%) | Number of −ve for IP (%) | Crude OR (95% CI) | P value | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hand wash reason before meal | |||||||
| Yes | 313 (86) | 181 (57.8) | 132 (42.2) | 0.758 [0.419–1.372] | 0.361 | – | – |
| No | 51 (14) | 26 (51) | 15 (49) | 1 | – | – | |
| Hand washing habit before meal | |||||||
| Always | 202 (55.5) | 110 (54.5) | 92 (45.5) | 1.045 [0.273–4.007] | 0.948 | – | – |
| Mostly | 23 (6.3) | 12 (52.2) | 11 (47.8) | 1.146 [0.244–5.391] | – | – | |
| Often | 6 (1.6) | 1 (16.7) | 5 (83.3) | 6.250 [0.504–77.494] | – | – | |
| Sometimes | 124 (34.1) | 79 (63.7) | 45 (36.3) | 0.712 [0.182–2.788] | – | – | |
| Rarely | 9 (2.5) | 5 (55.6) | 4 (44.4) | 1 | – | – | |
| Source of drinking water | |||||||
| Pipe | 173 (47.5) | 94 (54.3) | 79 (45.7) | 1.513 [0.908–2.520] | 0.112 | – | – |
| River | 56 (15.4) | 32 (57.1) | 24 (42.9) | 1.350 [0.690–2.642] | – | – | |
| Pond | 37 (10.2) | 18 (48.6) | 19 (51.4) | 1.900 [0.883–4.086] | – | – | |
| Unprotected spring | 98 (26.9) | 63 (64.3) | 35 (35.7) | 1 | – | – | |
| Storage of water in wide-open pot | |||||||
| Yes | 108 (29.7) | 60 (55.6) | 48 (44.4) | 1.079 [0.686–1.698] | 0.743 | – | – |
| No | 256 (70.3) | 147 (57.4) | 109 (42.6) | 1 | – | – | |
| Contact with water bodies | |||||||
| Yes | 73 (20.1) | 42 (57.5) | 31 (42.5) | 0.967 [0.575–1.624] | 0.898 | – | – |
| No | 291 (79.9) | 165 (56.7) | 126 (43.3) | 1 | – | – | |
| Habit of eating raw vegetable | |||||||
| Yes | 97 (26.6) | 60 (61.9) | 37 (38.1) | 0.755 [0.470–1.215] | 0.248 | – | – |
| No | 267 (73.4) | 147 (55.1) | 120 (44.9) | 1 | – | – | |
| Habit of eating raw meat | |||||||
| Yes | 98 (26.9) | 58 (59.2) | 40 (40.8) | 0.878 [0.549–1.405] | 0.588 | – | – |
| No | 266 (73.1) | 149 (56) | 117 (44) | 1 | – | – | |
| Have latrine | |||||||
| Yes | 316 (86.8) | 182 (57.6) | 134 (42.4) | 0.800 [0.435–1.471] | 0.473 | – | – |
| No | 48 (13.2) | 25 (52.1) | 23 (47.9) | 1 | – | – | |
| Type of latrine | |||||||
| Family | 299 (82.1) | 174 (58.2) | 125 (41.8) | 0.678 [0.336–1.368] | 0.279 | ||
| Public | 30 (8.2) | 16 (53.3) | 14 (46.7) | 0.826 [0.311–2.195] | – | – | |
| Field | 35 (9.7) | 17 (48.6) | 18 (51.4) | 1 | – | – | |
| Latrine usage habit | |||||||
| Always | 223 (61.3) | 124 (55.6) | 99 (44.4) | 0.748 [0.353–1.588] | 0.450 | – | – |
| Sometimes | 110 (30.2) | 68 (61.8) | 42 (38.2) | 0.579 [0.260–1.292] | – | – | |
| Rarely | 31 (8.5) | 15 (48.4) | 16 (51.6) | 1 | – | – | |
| Hand washing habit after toilet visit | |||||||
| Always | 171 (47) | 90 (52.6) | 81 (47.4) | 1.050 [0.523–2.109] | 0.891 | – | – |
| Mostly | 25 (6.9) | 14 (56) | 11 (44) | 0.917 [0.334–2.517] | – | – | |
| Often | 19 (5.2) | 14 (73.7) | 5 (26.3) | 0.417 [0.126–1.383] | – | – | |
| Sometimes | 110 (30.2) | 68 (61.8) | 42 (38.2) | 0.721 [0.345–1.507] | – | – | |
| Rarely | 39 (10.7) | 21 (53.8) | 18 (46.2) | 1 | – | – | |
| Presence of domestic animal | |||||||
| Yes | 234 (64.3) | 139 (59.4) | 95 (40.6) | 1.334 [0.866–2.055] | 0.191 | – | – |
| No | 130 (35.7) | 68 (52.3) | 62 (47.7) | 1 | – | – | |
| Presence of cat or dog | |||||||
| Yes | 216 (59.3) | 134 (62) | 82 (38) | 0.596 [0.390–0.910] | 0.016 | – | – |
| No | 148 (40.7) | 73 (49.3) | 75 (50.7) | 1 | – | – | |
| Presence of stomach pain | |||||||
| Yes | 337 (92.6) | 196 (58.2) | 141 (41.8) | 0.455 [0.223–0.989] | 0.048 | 0.401 [0.174–0.925] | 0.032 |
| No | 27 (7.4) | 11 (40.7) | 16 (59.3) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Presence of diarrhea | |||||||
| Yes | 170 (46.7) | 89 (52.4) | 81 (47.6) | 0.413 [0.931–0.844] | 0.041 | 0.474 [0.191–0.948] | 0.007 |
| No | 194 (53.3) | 118 (60.8) | 76 (39.2) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Presence of bloody diarrhea | |||||||
| Yes | 42 (11.5) | 27 (64.3) | 15 (35.7) | 0.704 [0.361–1.374] | 0.304 | – | – |
| No | 322 (88.5) | 180 (55.9) | 142 (44.1) | 1 | – | – | |
| Habit of trimming nail | |||||||
| Yes | 289 (79.4) | 169 (58.5) | 120 (41.5) | 0.729 [0.438–1.214] | 0.225 | – | – |
| No | 75 (20.6) | 38 (50.7) | 37 (49.3) | 1 | – | – | |
| Presence of dirt on the nail | |||||||
| Yes | 131 (36) | 81 (61.8) | 50 (38.2) | 0.727 [0.470–1.125] | 0.152 | – | – |
| No | 233 (64) | 126 (54.1) | 107 (45.9) | 1 | – | – | |
| Have protective shoes | |||||||
| Yes | 341 (93.7) | 194 (56.9) | 147 (43.1) | 0.985 [0.420–2.309] | 0.972 | – | – |
| No | 23 (6.3) | 13 (56.5) | 10 (43.5) | 1 | – | – | |
| Habit of wearing shoes | |||||||
| Always | 230 (63.2) | 122 (53) | 108 (47) | 1.012 [0.355–2.882] | 0.983 | – | – |
| Sometimes | 119 (32.7) | 77 (64.7) | 42 (35.3) | 0.623 [0.211–1.839] | – | – | |
| Rarely | 15 (4.1) | 8 (53.3) | 7 (46.7) | 1 | – | – | |
| Personal hygiene | |||||||
| Good | 262 (72) | 143 (54.6) | 119 (45.4) | 1.402 [0.877–2.241] | 0.159 | – | – |
| Poor | 102 (28) | 64 (62.7) | 38 (37.3) | 1 | – | – | |