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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Jun 12.
Published in final edited form as: Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer. 2018 Jun 28;1870(1):23–31. doi: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2018.06.003

Figure 3. Select pharmacological approaches for the treatment of metastatic ccRCC.

Figure 3.

Current and future therapeutic strategies for ccRCC include inhibition (denoted by red boxes) of mTOR signaling, angiogenesis, HIF-2α signaling, and immune checkpoint blockade. RTKi = receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Rapalogs = rapamycin analogs. PD-1i = PD-1 inhibitor. PD- L1i = PD-L1 inhibitor.