Table 2:
Factors associated among women with a single STI (HPVa, chlamydia, gonorrhea, syphilis, HSV-2) and women with STI coinfections vs. women with no STIs
| Single Infection | Coinfections | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| uORb(95% CI) | aORc(95% CI) | uORb(95% CI) | aORc(95% CI) | |
| Age in years | ||||
| 22–24 | 1(Ref) | 1(Ref) | 1(Ref) | 1(Ref) |
| 19–21 | 1.26(0.64–2.44) | 1.70(0.75–3.81) | 1.41(0.74–2.68) | 1.44(0.66–3.22) |
| 16–18 | 1.05(0.46–2.40) | 0.76(0.27–2.12) | 1.34(0.61–2.94) | 0.99(0.37–2.58) |
| Marital status | ||||
| Single/Widowed | 1(Ref) | 1(Ref) | ||
| Married/Living Together | 0.56(0.16–1.91) | 0.42(0.12–1.42) | ||
| Education | ||||
| Some college/tech | 1(Ref) | 1(Ref) | ||
| ≤ Grade 7 | 0.45(0.12–1.64) | 0.48(0.14–1.60) | ||
| Grade 8–12 | 1.77(0.83–3.74) | 1.96(0.95–4.01) | ||
| Passed Grade 12 | 1.18(0.50–2.78) | 0.97(0.42–2.23) | ||
| ≥1 alcohol drink in past month | ||||
| No | 1(Ref) | 1(Ref) | ||
| Yes | 1.55(0.86–2.79) | 1.51(0.73–3.10) | 2.16(1.22–3.81) | 2.01(1.00–4.06) |
| Ever used tobacco | ||||
| No | 1(Ref) | 1(Ref) | ||
| Yes | 1.49(0.65–3.40) | 1.57(0.71–3.47) | ||
| History of STI | ||||
| No | 1(Ref) | 1(Ref) | ||
| Yes | 1.13(0.53–2.42) | 1.40(0.68–2.89) | ||
| Partner with an STId | ||||
| No | 1(Ref) | 1(Ref) | 1(Ref) | 1(Ref) |
| Yes | 2.06(0.66–6.43) | 3.31(0.70–15.69) | 3.72(1.27–10.91) | 6.96(1.53–30.08) |
| Currently using birth controle | ||||
| Yes | 1(Ref) | 1(Ref) | ||
| No | 0.90(0.41–2.01) | 0.81(0.37–1.75) | ||
| Ever been pregnant | ||||
| Never | 1(Ref) | 1(Ref) | ||
| Ever | 0.83(0.46–1.50) | 0.87(0.49–1.52) | ||
| Lifetime no. of male sexual partnersf | ||||
| 1 | 1(Ref) | 1(Ref) | ||
| 2 | 1.10(0.42–2.84) | 1.11(0.44–2.80) | ||
| 3+ | 1.62(0.65–4.02) | 2.06(0.85–4.96) | ||
Abbreviations: HPV: human papillomavirus; 95% CI: 95% Confidence Interval; Ref: reference group
Included HPVgenotypes known to cause disease, specifically genital warts (HPV 6, 11) and cervical cancer (HPV 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59, 68)
uOR: unadjusted Odds Ratio was estimated by multinomial logistics regression model/link=glogit function; no infection (n=67); single infection (n=138); coinfection (n=183)
aOR: adjusted Odds Ratio; was estimated by multinomial logistics regression model using /link=glogit function and using a backward elimination procedure with a stay p-value of 0.20. Variable age was forced in the adjusted model. no infection (n=67); single infection (n=138); coinfection (n=183)
Data based on self-report
Sample size for uOR reduced to n=254 due to missing values: no infection (n=43); single infection (n=92); coinfection (n=119)
Sample size for uOR reduced to n=224 due to missing values: no infection (n=45); single infection (n=105); coinfection (n=144)