Table 2.
Effect of single dietary variables on education–BP inverse relationship: all 2195 US INTERMAP participants
| Row | Variables in multiple linear regression model | SBP | DBP |
|---|---|---|---|
| A | Model 1: Education, age, sample, gender | −0.5410a | −0.2473a |
| (−5.320)b | (−3.581)b | ||
| B | Model 2: Model 1 variables+CVD disease/diabetes diagnosis, | −0.4122 | −0.1920 |
| special diet, ethnicity (African-American) | (−4.098) | (−2.788) | |
| C | Model 3: Model 2 variables+BMI (kg/m2) | −0.2646 | −0.1073 |
| (−2.752) | (−1.606) | ||
| −35.8%c | −44.1%c | ||
| D | Model 3+vegetable protein (% kcal) | −0.2233 | −0.0843 |
| (−2.309) | (−1.252) | ||
| −15.6%d | −21.4%d | ||
| E | Model 3+total available carbohydrate (% kcal) | −0.2485 | −0.1027 |
| (−2.584) | (−1.534) | ||
| −6.1% | −4.3% | ||
| F | Model 3+galactose (% kcal) | −0.2471 | −0.1040 |
| (−2.561) | (−1.549) | ||
| −6.6% | −3.1% | ||
| G | Model 3+Fibre (g/1000kcal) | −0.2243 | −0.0893 |
| (−2.310) | (−1.322) | ||
| −15.2% | −16.8% | ||
| H | Model 3+total fat (% kcal) | −0.2567 | −0.1070 |
| (−2.658) | (−1.594) | ||
| −3.0% | −0.3% | ||
| I | Model 3+sat. F. Ac. (% kcal) | −0.2489 | −0.0965 |
| (−2.578) | (−1.438) | ||
| −5.9% | −10.1% | ||
| J | Model 3+monounsat. F. Ac. (% kcal) | −0.2498 | −0.1072 |
| (−2.578) | (−1.595) | ||
| −5.6% | −0.1% | ||
| K | Model 3+trans F.Ac. (% kcal) | −0.2569 | −0.1097 |
| (−2.661) | (−1.634) | ||
| −2.9% | +2.2% | ||
| L | Model 3+dietary chol. (mg/1000kcal) | −0.2502 | −0.1075 |
| (−2.584) | (−1.596) | ||
| −5.4% | +0.2% | ||
| M | Model 3+PFA/SFA | −0.2421 | −0.0930 |
| (−2.515) | (−1.390) | ||
| −8.5% | −13.3% | ||
| N | Model 3+Keys dietary lipid score | −0.2368 | −0.0913 |
| (−2.449) | (−1.357) | ||
| −10.5% | −14.9% | ||
| O | Model 3+vitamin A (IU/1000kcal) | −0.2475 | −0.1032 |
| (−2.564) | (−1.537) | ||
| −6.5% | −3.8% | ||
| P | Model 3+beta-carotene (mcg/1000kcal) | −0.2509 | −0.1057 |
| (−2.598) | (−1.574) | ||
| −5.2% | −1.5% | ||
| Q | Model 3+vitamin C (mg/1000kcal) | −0.2318 | −0.1074 |
| (−2.386) | (−1.589) | ||
| −12.4% | +0.1% | ||
| R | Model 3+thiamin (mg/1000kcal) | −0.2432 | −0.0936 |
| (−2.519) | (−1.395) | ||
| −8.1% | −12.8% | ||
| S | Model 3+vitamin B6 (mg/1000kcal) | −0.2438 | −0.0970 |
| (−2.519) | (−1.441) | ||
| −7.9% | −9.6% | ||
| T | Model 3+folate (mcg/1000kcal) | −0.2318 | −0.0915 |
| (−2.403) | (−1.363) | ||
| −12.4% | −14.7% | ||
| U | Model 3+calcium (mg/1000kcal) | −0.2371 | −0.0915 |
| (−2.462) | (−1.370) | ||
| −10.4% | −14.7% | ||
| V | Model 3+phosphorus (mg/1000 kcal) | −0.2423 | −0.0910 |
| (−2.517) | (−1.360) | ||
| −8.4% | −15.2% | ||
| W | Model 3+magnesium (mg/1000 kcal) | −0.2319 | −0.0948 |
| (−2.394) | (−1.406) | ||
| −12.4% | −11.6% | ||
| X | Model 3+iron (mg/1000kcal) | −0.2310 | −0.0899 |
| (−2.394) | (−1.339) | ||
| −12.7% | −16.2% | ||
| Y | Model 3+copper (mg/1 000 kcal) | −0.2449 | −0.1056 |
| (−2.535) | (−1.571) | ||
| −7.4% | −1.6% | ||
| Z | Model 3+urinary Na (mmol/24h) | −0.2624 | −0.1098 |
| (−2.725) | (−1.639) | ||
| −0.8% | +2.3% | ||
| AA | Model 3+urinary K (mmol/24h) | −0.2438 | −0.0920 |
| (−2.520) | (−1.367) | ||
| −7.9% | −14.3% | ||
| BB | Model 3+urinary Na/K (mmol/mmol) | −0.2364 | −0.0935 |
| (−2.435) | (−1.384) | ||
| −10.7% | −12.9% | ||
| CC | Model 3+riboflavin (mg/1000kcal) | −0.2481 | −0.0958 |
| (−2.586) | (−1.437) | ||
| −6.2% | −10.7% | ||
| DD | Model 3+maltose (%kcal) | −0.2582 | −0.1052 |
| (−2.684) | (−1.573) | ||
| −2.4% | −2.0% | ||
| EE | Model 3+caffeine (mg/1000kcal) | −0.2487 | −0.0978 |
| (−2.583) | (−1.461) | ||
| −6.0% | −8.9% | ||
| FF | Model 3+14-day alcohol (g/day) | −0.2584 | −0.1044 |
| (−2.698) | (−1.564) | ||
| −2.3% | −2.7% | ||
| GG | Model 3+ 2+ h/day moderate or heavy physical activity | −0.2684 | −0.1166 |
| (work, leisure)—No, Yes | (−2.767) | (−1.729) | |
| +1.4% | +8.7% | ||
| HH | Model 3+ 3+ h/day moderate or heavy physical activity | −0.2784 | −0.1184 |
| (work, leisure)—No, Yes | (−2.866) | (−1.753) | |
| +5.2% | +10.3% |
a
Coefficient for the education–BP inverse relation in this multiple linear regression model.
b
Z-score.
c
Percent reduction in education–SBP coefficient compared to Model 2.
d
Percent reduction in education–SBP coefficient compared to Model 3; same for all percentages in rows E–HH.