Table 4.

Adjusted average marginal effects with 95% confidence intervals of material hardship on sleep problems (n = 730)

	Sleep Problems
	Models A	Models B	Models C	Models D
Employment instability (ref: no instability)
Experienced hardship	0.078	0.031	−0.004	−0.002
	[−0.048, 0.205]	[−0.084, 0.146]	[−0.097, 0.090]	[−0.097, 0.093]
Not in labor force	0.077**	0.043†	−0.014	−0.013
	[0.022, 0.132]	[−0.008, 0.094]	[−0.081, 0.053]	[−0.080, 0.054]
Financial problems	0.180***	0.149***	0.040	0.043
	[0.103, 0.258]	[0.067, 0.232]	[−0.038, 0.118]	[−0.033, 0.119]
Housing instability	0.150**	0.122*	−0.004	−0.004
	[0.044, 0.257]	[0.025, 0.219]	[−0.057, 0.050]	[−0.057, 0.050]
Food insecurity	0.224***	0.196***	0.067†	0.066†
	[0.140, 0.308]	[0.122, 0.270]	[−0.002, 0.135]	[−0.001, 0.133]
Forgone medical care	0.234***	0.212***	0.081	0.082
	[0.122, 0.347]	[0.099, 0.324]	[−0.029, 0.191]	[−0.027, 0.191]
Number of hardships	0.072***	0.067***	0.022*	0.023*
	[0.050, 0.094]	[0.050, 0.083]	[0.001, 0.043]	[0.002, 0.044]

^***p < 0.001,

^**p < 0.01,

^*p < 0.05,

^†p < 0.10

Four models were estimated for each material hardship measure, with control variables added in stages. The A models included controls for sociodemographic factors: age, gender, race, marital status, and children under five years old. The B models included further controls for socioeconomic status: education, household income, and employment status; except for models of employment instability where employment status was not included. The C models included further controls for health: poor or fair health, obesity, alcohol use, cigarette smoking, depression, and anxiety. The D models are fully adjusted models, which included a final control for light pollution. For all hardship measures, the difference between the average marginal effects it the C and D models is not statistically significant.