Fig. 2.

Root phenotyping in TS. (A) Time lapse (24-h interval) in vivo root phenotyping of G. max growing in hydroponic conditions (Top) and in TS (Bottom) between day 9 and day 17 from germination. Soil extract was used as a nutrient medium for both treatments. (B–D) Comparisons of the temporal evolutions of root phenotypes (n = 5) for the TS (blue) and hydroponic (gray) treatments: B plots the ratio between the length of the side roots and main root, and shows accelerated development of the side roots in hydroponic conditions; C plots the ratio between the surface area and the convex area of the root system, and shows increased space-filling of the TS-grown roots; and D plots the average root diameter, and shows larger diameter of for the TS-grown roots.