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. 2019 May 14;116(22):10952–10961. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1814246116

Fig. 5.

Fig. 5.

IKKβ knockout increases neurodegeneration and microglial activation in striatum. Male R6/1 (HD) mice containing the tamoxifen-inducible Cre and floxed alleles of IKKβ were treated with tamoxifen or oil vehicle control for 1 wk starting at 10 wk. At the termination of the study at 16 wk, consecutive coronal brain sections containing striatum were stained against Fluoro-Jade B, a neuronal death marker (A) or Iba1, a microglia marker (B). Images (20×) show that R6/1 tamoxifen-treated mice had significant increases in both Fluoro-Jade B- (A) and Iba-1– (B) positive cells in the striatum compared with R6/1 (HD) oil-treated mice (representative images shown). *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001 values represent means ± SEM. Cells were counted using Bitplane’s Imaris microscopy image analysis software and number of microglia per field of vision (FOV) graphed. Statistical comparisons of results were performed by performing one-way ANOVA analysis followed by Bonferroni’s multiple comparison tests. n = 4 per treatment. (Scale bars, 100 μm.)