Table 3.

Association between visual acuity (VA) category and 6-year mortality risk

VA category	Age/sex-adjusted RR	Age/sex, SES* adjusted RR	Age/sex, NCD risk† factor adjusted RR	Fully adjusted ‡ RR
Normal (≥6/12)	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference
Near normal (<6/12 to ≥6/18)	0.92 (0.57–1.50)	0.84 (0.51–1.39)	0.87 (0.51–1.48)	0.82 (0.48–1.41)
VI (<6/18 to ≥6/60)	1.75 (1.28–2.40)	1.77 (1.30–2.40)	1.56 (1.13–2.16)	1.56 (1.14–2.15)
SVI/blind (<6/60)	1.98 (1.04–3.80)	1.95 (1.01–3.76)	1.51 (0.82–2.77)	1.46 (0.80–2.68)
P value	0.004	0.003	0.04	0.03

*SES=SES quartile, location, ethnic group, education.

†NCD risk factor=smoking, alcohol, diabetes, hypertension, BMI.

‡Age–sex, plus all SES and NCD risk factors.

BMI, body mass index; NCD, non-communicable disease; RR, risk ratio; SES, socioeconomic status; SVI, severe visual impairment; VI, visual impairment.