Table 1.

Descriptive characteristics and bivariate correlations.

Variable	Mean (SD)	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9
1. Gender (% F)	25 (46.3)	–
2. Panic Dx (% Y)	22 (40.7)	−.014	–
3. Cigarettes per day	18.8 (6.84)	.033	−.220	–
4. DTS-total	3.5 (1.01)	−.207	−.419**	.050	–
5. DIS-total	11.9 (6.60)	.124	.280*	.053	−.638**	–
6. MTPT-C	149.8 (101.15)	−.004	.128	−.101	.087	−.128	–
7. BH duration	61.7 (27.56)	−.410**	.062	−.203	.229	−.205	.301*	–
8. Anxious responding	63.9 (34.99)	.217	.065	.129	−.436**	.311*	.023	−.199	–
9. Post- DSQ	2.9 (1.85)	.247	.244	−.154	−.422**	.287*	.189	−.112	.692**	–
10. Post- MNWSa	7.5 (5.68)	.059	−.277*	.152	.235	−.133	.211	−.031	.148	.080

^*p < 0.05

^**p < 0.01 Note: Gender (coded 0 = male, 1 = female); Panic disorder (0 = no, 1 = yes); DTS-total: Distress Tolerance Scale; DIS-total: Discomfort Intolerance Scale; MTPT-C: Mirror-Tracing Persistence, seconds of persistence; BH Duration: duration in seconds on the Breath-Holding Persistence Task; Anxious Responding: Subjective Units of Distress at minute 3 of CO₂ challenge; Post-DSQ: Post-challenge panic symptom severity per the Diagnostic Symptom Questionnaire; Post-MNWS: Nicotine withdrawal per the Minnesota Nicotine Withdrawal Scale from pre- to post-challenge. Grey boxes with underlined correlation coefficients represent errors terms that were allows to correlate in path model (see Figure 1).

^aA change score from pre-challenge to post-challenge was used in analyses, but post-challenge raw scores were reported in table for meaningful interpretation. An average increase in withdrawal was reported post-challenge (increase M = 0.50, SD = 3.5).