Table 2:

Perceived causes of major depressive disorder and schizophrenia for NHPI study sample vs. 2006 GSS U.S. national sample

	NHPI Study Sample (Vignette, %)		U.S. Public (GSS) (Vignette, %)		χ2 for NHPI Study Sample
Perceived Cause	MDD	Schiz.	MDD	Schiz.	MDD	Schiz.
Neurobiological Attributions
Mental illness	75.63	83.17	74.02	93.13		χ2(1, 436) = 9.25*
Chemical imbalance in the brain	55.46	70.30	84.70	92.38	χ2(1, 471) = 41.97**	χ2(1, 429) = 33.69**
Genetic or inherited problem	54.62	69.23	66.85	65.05	χ2(1, 474) = 5.32*
Neurobiological conception	60.50	75.25	87.81	94.91	χ2(1, 479) = 41.84**	χ2(1, 435) = 34.37**
Social or Moral Attributions
Own bad character	54.78	61.39	32.60	33.43	χ2(1, 480) = 16.38**	χ2(1, 433) = 25.22**
Way person was raised	52.63	64.36	42.22	36.47		χ2(1, 430) = 24.51**
Sociomoral conception (2-item)	72.27	86.14	54.10	51.49	χ2(1, 484) = 12.93**	χ2(1, 437) = 38.69**
God’s will	34.21	23.76	12.78	15.22	χ2(1, 478) = 24.98**	χ2(1, 436) = 3.97*
Life’s normal ups and downs	78.70	70.30	65.78	36.26		χ2(1, 436) = 34.77**
Physical illness	66.67	71.29	63.37	51.46		χ2(1, 433) = 10.57**
Treatment
Serious problem	91.89	89.11	93.58	97.08	χ2(1, 488) = 10.35**	χ2(1, 440) = 15.45**
Improve on own	47.12	33.66	34.44	10.54	χ2(1, 478) = 5.62*	χ2(1, 433) = 74.52**
Improve with treatment	80.18	82.18	96.38	97.89	χ2(1, 473) = 51.47**	χ2(1, 432) = 35.02**
Improve with NHPI cultural treatment	46.32	42.57	---	---

Note: Percentages represent combined “very likely” and “somewhat likely” responses

NHPI = Native Hawaiian and other Pacific Islander: Samoan & Marshallese, GSS = General Social Survey, MDD = Major Depressive Disorder, Schiz. = Schizophrenia

^*p < .05,

^**p < .01