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. 2019 Jun 12;9:8576. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-45007-3

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Biophoton images of Papilio protenor obtained at specific time points: (a) 8 hr before ecdysis, (b) 6 hr before ecdysis, (c) 5–10 min before ecdysis, (d) 20–25 min after ecdysis, (e) 75–80 min after ecdysis, and (f) 5 hr after ecdysis. (g) Picture of the subject in the larval stage taken before biophoton measurement. (h) Picture of the pre-pupa taken directly before ecdysis (different subject, not used for biophoton imaging). (i) Picture of the subject in the pupal stage taken after biophoton measurement. Time points of (a)–(f) are designated in Fig. 1(b) with corresponding characters and arrows.