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. 2019 Jun 12;9:8561. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-44639-9

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Histological and TEM analyses of placenta tissue structure. Morphological analyses of placenta biopsies at 17.5 dpc using H&E staining (a-d, scale bar = 20 µm) and TEM analysis (e–h, scale bar = 2 µm), showing representative images. (a,b) Control groups displayed normal tissue morphology. (c) The labyrinth zone of preeclamptic placentas displayed areas of necrosis (circle) and swollen tissue (arrow). (d) Placentas from rA1M-treated preeclamptic females showed no swelling and no necrosis, and were indistinguishable from control groups. (e,f) Control groups displayed normal tissue and cell morphology. (g) The preeclamptic placenta showed severe tissue damage and necrotic cells with loss of plasma membrane integrity and organelle breakdown, as well as extensive blebbing. Distorted mitochondria and dilated ER along with extensive cell debri was seen. (h) Human rA1M treatment protected tissue structure, membrane integrity and organelle morphology.