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. 2019 Jun 12;9:8561. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-44639-9

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Histological and TEM analyses of heart tissue structure. Morphological analysis of heart biopsies at 17.5 dpc using H&E staining (a–d, scale bar = 20 µm), Masson trichrome staining (e–h, scale bar = 50 µm) and TEM analysis (i–l, scale bar = 2 µm), showing representative images. (a,b,e,f) Control groups displayed slender muscle fibers that were densely packed and stained pink. (c) Hearts from preeclamptic females displayed structural changes with increased extra-cellular space (arrows), cellular swelling and (g) an intense overall blue staining, indicating presence of collagen. (d,h) The same structural changes and intense Masson trichrome blue staining was seen in the rA1M-treated females. (i,j) The control groups displayed an organised structure between muscle fibers and healthy mitochondria. (k) The preeclamptic hearts had structural and cellular damages with swollen and erupted mitochondria, along with irregular organization of muscle fibers and mitochondria. Increased extra-cellular space could be observed in many places, indicating disrupted tissue. (l) Human rA1M treatment resulted in to some extent a more organized structure, with less mitochondrial damage.