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. 2018 Mar 28;58(4):1475–1493. doi: 10.1007/s00394-018-1673-6

Table 5.

Nutrient density of the diet, using Nutrient Rich Diet scores 9.3 and 15.3, in four European populations in subgroups by age, gender, educational level and overweight status

Subgroups by age Subgroups by gendera
Younger and middle-aged adults Elderly,≥ 65 years p value Men Women p value
Mean Median (P25; P75) Mean Median (P25; P75) Mean Median (P25; P75) Mean Median (P25; P75)
Denmark (n = 1739) (n = 286) (n = 777) (n = 965)
 Sub-score NRD9 764 774 (708; 829) 772 787 (721; 833) 0.120 731 733 (679; 786) 796 808 (758; 853) < 0.0001
 Sub-score NRD15 1243 1256 (1191; 1308) 1256 1275 (1198; 1325) 0.033 1215 1227 (1162; 1280) 1271 1284 (1226; 1328) < 0.0001
 Sub-score NRDX.3 351 348 (301; 395) 333 336 (291; 382) < 0.0001 355 353 (309; 400) 346 339 (297; 388) 0.011
 Total score NRD9.3 413 424 (327; 505) 439 424 (328; 505) 0.001 376 386 (295; 456) 450 465 (388; 537) < 0.0001
 Total score NRD15.3 892 913 (817; 988) 923 940 (847; 1010) 0.003 860 876 (780; 944) 925 944 (859; 1021) < 0.0001
Czech Republic (n = 1666) (n = 203) (n = 793) (n = 873)
 Sub-score NRD9 714 720 (641; 793) 729 728 (666; 807) 0.037 659 656 (597; 719) 763 777 (713; 821) < 0.0001
 Sub-score NRD15 1174 1182 (1092; 1261) 1185 1181 (1114; 1269) 0.208 1119 1115 (1039; 1197) 1223 1235 (1157; 1297) < 0.0001
 Sub-score NRDX.3 387 385 (345; 427) 396 395 (360; 430) 0.053 375 377 (333; 417) 398 397 (358; 436) < 0.0001
 Total score NRD9.3 327 327 (253; 400) 333 342 (270; 401) 0.456 284 283 (216; 349) 366 373 (298; 440) < 0.0001
 Total score NRD15.3 787 790 (703; 876) 789 792 (711; 873) 0.830 744 744 (665; 821) 826 836 (751; 910) < 0.0001
Italy (n = 2313) (n = 518) (n = 1068) (n = 1245)
 Sub-score NRD9 777 790 (725; 837) 796 805 (759; 852) < 0.0001 747 754 (692; 806) 803 814 (764; 856) < 0.0001
 Sub-score NRD15 1293 1307 (1240; 1350) 1305 1321 (1272; 1360) 0.003 1264 1271 (1210; 1330) 1317 1329 (1278; 1367) < 0.0001
 Sub-score NRDX.3 245 243 (215; 271) 242 240 (213; 269) 0.464 242 240 (212; 271) 247 245 (219; 272) 0.004
 Total score NRD9.3 533 541 (476; 598) 554 563 (509; 609) < 0.0001 505 513 (443; 572) 556 565 (509; 614) < 0.0001
 Total score NRD15.3 1048 1059 (991; 1115) 1064 1075 (1021; 1122) 0.002 1022 1032 (959; 1091) 1070 1079 (1024; 1127) < 0.0001
France (n = 2276) (n = 348) (n = 936) (n = 1340)
 Sub-score NRD9 754 762 (696; 821) 785 787 (743; 841) < 0.0001 717 723 (668; 775) 788 799 (743; 846) < 0.0001
 Sub-score NRD15 1244 1256 (1182; 1319) 1278 1289 (1222; 1346) < 0.0001 1208 1219 (1147; 1284) 1278 1289 (1228; 1346) < 0.0001
Subgroups by educational levela Subgroup by overweight statusa p value
Low Intermediate High p valueb BMI < 25 kg/m2 BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2
Mean Median (P25; P75) Mean Median (P25; P75) Mean Median (P25; P75) Mean Median (P25; P75) Mean Median (P25; P75)
Denmark (n = 248) (n = 943) (n = 548) (n = 972) (n = 739)
 Sub-score NRD9 746 754 (690; 814) 760 767 (705; 826) 791 803 (743; 844) < 0.0001 769 779 (717; 829) 759 766 (702; 831) 0.054
 Sub-score NRD15 1221 1236 (1165; 1293) 1242 1254 (1193; 1306) 1271 1282 (1224; 1325) < 0.0001 1250 1261 (1204; 1308) 1237 1249 (1177; 1309) 0.021
 Sub-score NRDX.3 356 356 (305; 404) 356 350 (304; 401) 334 334 (291; 370) <0.0001 351 349 (305:392) 351 347 (295; 398) 1.000
 Total score NRD9.3 390 404 (292; 498) 405 414 (324; 492) 456 459 (392; 537) < 0.0001 408 418 (316; 511) 408 418 (316; 511) 0.2448
 Total score NRD15.3 865 893 (767; 978) 887 905 (817; 978) 937 942 (869; 1013) < 0.0001 887 908 (791; 990) 887 907 (791; 990) 0.165
Czech Republic (n = 345) (n = 1194) (n = 127) (n = 802) (n = 864)
 Sub-score NRD9 695 684 (624; 780) 716 722 (644; 794) 740 744 (682; 802) < 0.0001 719 725 (646; 795) 709 713 (633; 791) 0.036
 Sub-score NRD15 1153 1149 (1060; 1252) 1175 1181 (1098; 1259) 1217 1238 (1149; 1281) < 0.0001 1175 1186 (1097; 1260) 1172 1178 (1091; 1261) 0.605
 Sub-score NRDX.3 378 378 (339; 421) 390 387 (346; 430) 384 381 (348; 413) 0.007 389 390 (347; 430) 385 382 (343; 424) 0.196
 Total score NRD9.3 317 307 (237; 387) 327 327 (254; 406) 356 360 (301; 403) 0.003 330 329 (258; 400) 324 323 (248; 399) 0.260
 Total score NRD15.3 775 775 (681; 862) 785 789 (706; 874) 833 847 (771; 904) < 0.0001 786 791 (704; 876) 787 789 (703; 877) 0.872
Italy (n = 692) (n = 985) (n = 507) (n = 1484) (n = 828)
 Sub-score NRD9 774 788 (718; 835) 776 789 (725; 834) 788 801 (734; 851) 0.005 779 792 (728; 838) 775 788 (720; 836) 0.245
 Sub-score NRD15 1291 1309 (1234; 1355) 1292 1304 (1242; 1353) 1300 1316 (1249; 1360) 0.140 1294 1308 (1244; 1355) 1291 1307 (1234; 1354) 0.414
 Sub-score NRDX.3 240 240 (211; 267) 246 243 (217; 273) 249 246 (220; 276) 0.001 248 245 (219; 273) 240 237 (209; 268) < 0.0001
 Total score NRD9.3 534 545 (478; 603) 530 536 (474; 593) 539 550 (480; 603) 0.158 531 539 (475; 598) 535 545 (476; 597) 0.289
 Total score NRD15.3 1051 1065 (992; 1118) 1046 1056 (993; 1111) 1051 1064 (991; 1115) 0.439 1046 1058 (992; 1114) 1051 1064 (990; 1115) 0.206
France (n = 1039) (n = 495) (n = 737) (n = 1379) (n = 871)
 Sub-score NRD9 749 760 (681; 822) 756 763 (702; 817) 761 764 (707; 825) 0.014 753 760 (696; 819) 758 766 (699; 827) 0.181
 Sub-score NRD15 1237 1252 (1166; 1319) 1247 1250 (1194; 1314) 1254 162 (1190; 1326) 0.002 1242 1256 (1177; 1316) 1249 1258 (1191; 1329) 0.110

BMI Body Mass Index, NRD Nutrient Rich Diet scores, including their sub-scores

For France, sub-score NRDX.3, total score NRD9.3 and 15.5 cannot be computed due to a lack of data on sugars

aYounger and middle-aged adults, aged 18–64 years, were stratified by gender, educational level and overweight status

bp value for the overall comparisons between population subgroups