Table 5.
Nutrient density of the diet, using Nutrient Rich Diet scores 9.3 and 15.3, in four European populations in subgroups by age, gender, educational level and overweight status
| Subgroups by age | Subgroups by gendera | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Younger and middle-aged adults | Elderly,≥ 65 years | p value | Men | Women | p value | |||||||||
| Mean | Median | (P25; P75) | Mean | Median | (P25; P75) | Mean | Median | (P25; P75) | Mean | Median | (P25; P75) | |||
| Denmark | (n = 1739) | (n = 286) | (n = 777) | (n = 965) | ||||||||||
| Sub-score NRD9 | 764 | 774 | (708; 829) | 772 | 787 | (721; 833) | 0.120 | 731 | 733 | (679; 786) | 796 | 808 | (758; 853) | < 0.0001 |
| Sub-score NRD15 | 1243 | 1256 | (1191; 1308) | 1256 | 1275 | (1198; 1325) | 0.033 | 1215 | 1227 | (1162; 1280) | 1271 | 1284 | (1226; 1328) | < 0.0001 |
| Sub-score NRDX.3 | 351 | 348 | (301; 395) | 333 | 336 | (291; 382) | < 0.0001 | 355 | 353 | (309; 400) | 346 | 339 | (297; 388) | 0.011 |
| Total score NRD9.3 | 413 | 424 | (327; 505) | 439 | 424 | (328; 505) | 0.001 | 376 | 386 | (295; 456) | 450 | 465 | (388; 537) | < 0.0001 |
| Total score NRD15.3 | 892 | 913 | (817; 988) | 923 | 940 | (847; 1010) | 0.003 | 860 | 876 | (780; 944) | 925 | 944 | (859; 1021) | < 0.0001 |
| Czech Republic | (n = 1666) | (n = 203) | (n = 793) | (n = 873) | ||||||||||
| Sub-score NRD9 | 714 | 720 | (641; 793) | 729 | 728 | (666; 807) | 0.037 | 659 | 656 | (597; 719) | 763 | 777 | (713; 821) | < 0.0001 |
| Sub-score NRD15 | 1174 | 1182 | (1092; 1261) | 1185 | 1181 | (1114; 1269) | 0.208 | 1119 | 1115 | (1039; 1197) | 1223 | 1235 | (1157; 1297) | < 0.0001 |
| Sub-score NRDX.3 | 387 | 385 | (345; 427) | 396 | 395 | (360; 430) | 0.053 | 375 | 377 | (333; 417) | 398 | 397 | (358; 436) | < 0.0001 |
| Total score NRD9.3 | 327 | 327 | (253; 400) | 333 | 342 | (270; 401) | 0.456 | 284 | 283 | (216; 349) | 366 | 373 | (298; 440) | < 0.0001 |
| Total score NRD15.3 | 787 | 790 | (703; 876) | 789 | 792 | (711; 873) | 0.830 | 744 | 744 | (665; 821) | 826 | 836 | (751; 910) | < 0.0001 |
| Italy | (n = 2313) | (n = 518) | (n = 1068) | (n = 1245) | ||||||||||
| Sub-score NRD9 | 777 | 790 | (725; 837) | 796 | 805 | (759; 852) | < 0.0001 | 747 | 754 | (692; 806) | 803 | 814 | (764; 856) | < 0.0001 |
| Sub-score NRD15 | 1293 | 1307 | (1240; 1350) | 1305 | 1321 | (1272; 1360) | 0.003 | 1264 | 1271 | (1210; 1330) | 1317 | 1329 | (1278; 1367) | < 0.0001 |
| Sub-score NRDX.3 | 245 | 243 | (215; 271) | 242 | 240 | (213; 269) | 0.464 | 242 | 240 | (212; 271) | 247 | 245 | (219; 272) | 0.004 |
| Total score NRD9.3 | 533 | 541 | (476; 598) | 554 | 563 | (509; 609) | < 0.0001 | 505 | 513 | (443; 572) | 556 | 565 | (509; 614) | < 0.0001 |
| Total score NRD15.3 | 1048 | 1059 | (991; 1115) | 1064 | 1075 | (1021; 1122) | 0.002 | 1022 | 1032 | (959; 1091) | 1070 | 1079 | (1024; 1127) | < 0.0001 |
| France | (n = 2276) | (n = 348) | (n = 936) | (n = 1340) | ||||||||||
| Sub-score NRD9 | 754 | 762 | (696; 821) | 785 | 787 | (743; 841) | < 0.0001 | 717 | 723 | (668; 775) | 788 | 799 | (743; 846) | < 0.0001 |
| Sub-score NRD15 | 1244 | 1256 | (1182; 1319) | 1278 | 1289 | (1222; 1346) | < 0.0001 | 1208 | 1219 | (1147; 1284) | 1278 | 1289 | (1228; 1346) | < 0.0001 |
| Subgroups by educational levela | Subgroup by overweight statusa | p value | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Low | Intermediate | High | p valueb | BMI < 25 kg/m2 | BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 | ||||||||||||
| Mean | Median | (P25; P75) | Mean | Median | (P25; P75) | Mean | Median | (P25; P75) | Mean | Median | (P25; P75) | Mean | Median | (P25; P75) | |||
| Denmark | (n = 248) | (n = 943) | (n = 548) | (n = 972) | (n = 739) | ||||||||||||
| Sub-score NRD9 | 746 | 754 | (690; 814) | 760 | 767 | (705; 826) | 791 | 803 | (743; 844) | < 0.0001 | 769 | 779 | (717; 829) | 759 | 766 | (702; 831) | 0.054 |
| Sub-score NRD15 | 1221 | 1236 | (1165; 1293) | 1242 | 1254 | (1193; 1306) | 1271 | 1282 | (1224; 1325) | < 0.0001 | 1250 | 1261 | (1204; 1308) | 1237 | 1249 | (1177; 1309) | 0.021 |
| Sub-score NRDX.3 | 356 | 356 | (305; 404) | 356 | 350 | (304; 401) | 334 | 334 | (291; 370) | <0.0001 | 351 | 349 | (305:392) | 351 | 347 | (295; 398) | 1.000 |
| Total score NRD9.3 | 390 | 404 | (292; 498) | 405 | 414 | (324; 492) | 456 | 459 | (392; 537) | < 0.0001 | 408 | 418 | (316; 511) | 408 | 418 | (316; 511) | 0.2448 |
| Total score NRD15.3 | 865 | 893 | (767; 978) | 887 | 905 | (817; 978) | 937 | 942 | (869; 1013) | < 0.0001 | 887 | 908 | (791; 990) | 887 | 907 | (791; 990) | 0.165 |
| Czech Republic | (n = 345) | (n = 1194) | (n = 127) | (n = 802) | (n = 864) | ||||||||||||
| Sub-score NRD9 | 695 | 684 | (624; 780) | 716 | 722 | (644; 794) | 740 | 744 | (682; 802) | < 0.0001 | 719 | 725 | (646; 795) | 709 | 713 | (633; 791) | 0.036 |
| Sub-score NRD15 | 1153 | 1149 | (1060; 1252) | 1175 | 1181 | (1098; 1259) | 1217 | 1238 | (1149; 1281) | < 0.0001 | 1175 | 1186 | (1097; 1260) | 1172 | 1178 | (1091; 1261) | 0.605 |
| Sub-score NRDX.3 | 378 | 378 | (339; 421) | 390 | 387 | (346; 430) | 384 | 381 | (348; 413) | 0.007 | 389 | 390 | (347; 430) | 385 | 382 | (343; 424) | 0.196 |
| Total score NRD9.3 | 317 | 307 | (237; 387) | 327 | 327 | (254; 406) | 356 | 360 | (301; 403) | 0.003 | 330 | 329 | (258; 400) | 324 | 323 | (248; 399) | 0.260 |
| Total score NRD15.3 | 775 | 775 | (681; 862) | 785 | 789 | (706; 874) | 833 | 847 | (771; 904) | < 0.0001 | 786 | 791 | (704; 876) | 787 | 789 | (703; 877) | 0.872 |
| Italy | (n = 692) | (n = 985) | (n = 507) | (n = 1484) | (n = 828) | ||||||||||||
| Sub-score NRD9 | 774 | 788 | (718; 835) | 776 | 789 | (725; 834) | 788 | 801 | (734; 851) | 0.005 | 779 | 792 | (728; 838) | 775 | 788 | (720; 836) | 0.245 |
| Sub-score NRD15 | 1291 | 1309 | (1234; 1355) | 1292 | 1304 | (1242; 1353) | 1300 | 1316 | (1249; 1360) | 0.140 | 1294 | 1308 | (1244; 1355) | 1291 | 1307 | (1234; 1354) | 0.414 |
| Sub-score NRDX.3 | 240 | 240 | (211; 267) | 246 | 243 | (217; 273) | 249 | 246 | (220; 276) | 0.001 | 248 | 245 | (219; 273) | 240 | 237 | (209; 268) | < 0.0001 |
| Total score NRD9.3 | 534 | 545 | (478; 603) | 530 | 536 | (474; 593) | 539 | 550 | (480; 603) | 0.158 | 531 | 539 | (475; 598) | 535 | 545 | (476; 597) | 0.289 |
| Total score NRD15.3 | 1051 | 1065 | (992; 1118) | 1046 | 1056 | (993; 1111) | 1051 | 1064 | (991; 1115) | 0.439 | 1046 | 1058 | (992; 1114) | 1051 | 1064 | (990; 1115) | 0.206 |
| France | (n = 1039) | (n = 495) | (n = 737) | (n = 1379) | (n = 871) | ||||||||||||
| Sub-score NRD9 | 749 | 760 | (681; 822) | 756 | 763 | (702; 817) | 761 | 764 | (707; 825) | 0.014 | 753 | 760 | (696; 819) | 758 | 766 | (699; 827) | 0.181 |
| Sub-score NRD15 | 1237 | 1252 | (1166; 1319) | 1247 | 1250 | (1194; 1314) | 1254 | 162 | (1190; 1326) | 0.002 | 1242 | 1256 | (1177; 1316) | 1249 | 1258 | (1191; 1329) | 0.110 |
BMI Body Mass Index, NRD Nutrient Rich Diet scores, including their sub-scores
For France, sub-score NRDX.3, total score NRD9.3 and 15.5 cannot be computed due to a lack of data on sugars
aYounger and middle-aged adults, aged 18–64 years, were stratified by gender, educational level and overweight status
bp value for the overall comparisons between population subgroups