Fig. 3.

Restriction of sulfur-containing AAs, such as Met or Cys, increases H₂S production through TSP pathway activation, including the activation of CBS and CGL. H₂S exerts anti-oxidative/anti-inflammatory effects. A LP/LPHC diet or MetR suppresses mTORC1, which leads to TSP pathway activation, and reduces the overproduction of ROS from mitochondria. BCAA restriction suppresses oxidative stress and inflammation through inhibition of NADPH oxidase and NF-κB.