Fig. 1.

DNER is significantly upregulated in lung tissue from COPD patients and localised to pro-inflammatory macrophages. (a) DNER mRNA abundance in lung tissue from healthy subjects (n = 10) and COPD patients (n = 15). **p-value = 0.003, unpaired t-test. Data shown mean values ± SD. (b) Representative immmunofluorescence images from healthy and COPD lung tissue (n = 2/3) stained to detect localisation of DNER (red), DAPI (blue) and Pro-SPC/CC10/CD31/Acta2/Galectin-3 (green). Scale bar, 10 μm. (c) DNER and TNF mRNA abundance in human monocyte derived macrophages obtained from PBMCs of healthy subjects (n = 4) and treated with 1 μg/ml LPS in combination with cigarette smoke extract (CSE) 5% for 24 h. Paired t-test, *p = 0.0408. (d) Representative immunofluorescence pictures of DAPI (blue), NOS2 (green) and DNER (red) staining in healthy and COPD lung tissue (n = 3). Scale bar, 10 μm. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.)