Table 1.

Effects of a high‐grain (HG) diet feeding on the jejunal and ileal physiological parameters in goats[Link]

Items	Jejunum			Ileum
	Hay	HG	p‐Value	Hay	HG	p‐Value
pH	5.77 ± 0.12	5.76 ± 0.17	0.971	7.85 ± 0.05	7.52 ± 0.08	0.005
TVFA (μmol/g)	6.25 ± 1.16	11.90 ± 1.54	0.015	20.69 ± 2.91	32.56 ± 1.95	0.007
Acetate (μmol/g)	4.02 ± 0.77	6.11 ± 0.85	0.099	17.13 ± 3.53	24.95 ± 2.36	0.103
Propionate (μmol/g)	1.40 ± 0.25	2.99 ± 0.41	0.008	1.98 ± 0.38	3.43 ± 0.29	0.013
Butyrate (μmol/g)	0.26 ± 0.07	0.98 ± 0.18	0.004	0.51 ± 0.12	1.16 ± 0.38	0.008
Isobutyrate (μmol/g)	0.26 ± 0.07	0.66 ± 0.15	0.035	0.63 ± 0.17	0.82 ± 0.09	0.331
Valerate (μmol/g)	0.10 ± 0.02	0.82 ± 0.52	0.257	0.11 ± 0.02	1.81 ± 0.14	<0.001
Isovalerate (μmol/g)	0.21 ± 0.08	0.35 ± 0.10	0.314	0.33 ± 0.09	0.39 ± 0.09	0.684
Lactate (μmol/g)	1.54 ± 0.25	0.50 ± 0.04	0.008	0.30 ± 0.04	1.29 ± 0.21	0.008
Free LPS (EU/g)	25,305 ± 6,149	33,619 ± 9,982	0.550	7,306 ± 808	48,873 ± 3,557	<0.001
Activity of alpha‐amylase (U/mgprot)	4.53 ± 1.06	18.51 ± 2.12	<0.001	2.16 ± 0.78	16.32 ± 1.86	<0.001

EU: endotoxin unit; LPS: lipopolysaccharide; TVFA: total volatile fatty acid.

Values are means ± SEM, n = 5. The data were analyzed by an independent t test.