Table 2.
Procedural Complications.a
| Anesthetic Modality | P | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Spinal | General | ||
| Intraoperative | |||
| EBL (mL), mean ± SD | 49.33 ± 4.91 | 53.68 ± 5.76 | .261 |
| Dural tear, % | 4.12 | 2.20 | .683 |
| Corneal abrasion, % | 0 | 0 | — |
| Dental injury, % | 0 | 0 | — |
| Postoperative | |||
| Nausea/vomiting, n (%) | 26 (26.80) | 18 (20.22) | .292 |
| Antiemetic medication given (doses)b, mean ± SD | 0.29 ± 0.12 | 0.31 ± 0.14 | .841 |
| Urinary retention, n (%) | 1 (1.10%) | 3 (3.27%) | .356 |
| Initial PACU pain (1-10), mean ± SD | 0.64 ± 0.38 | 3.06 ± 0.69 | <.001 |
| End PACU pain (1-10), mean ± SD | 1.34 ± 0.34 | 2.63 ± 0.53 | <.001 |
| Patients requiring opioids in PACU, n (%) | 52 (53.61) | 74 (81.32) | <.001 |
| Opioids given in PACU (doses),c mean ± SD | 1.13 ± 0.36 | 4.30 ± 0.87 | <.001 |
| Time to first opioid administration (min),d mean ± SD | 80.38 ± 15.97 | 40.73 ± 7.20 | <.001 |
| Spinal headache, n (%) | 4 (4.12%) | 1 (1.10%) | .370 |
| 30-day readmission rate, n (%) | 3.09% | 4.40% | .714 |
Abbreviations: EBL, estimated blood loss; PACU, postanesthesia care unit.
a All listed values use 95% confidence intervals as measures of precision
b One dose of antiemetic medication was considered to be equivalent to: 4 mg ondansetron intravenously, 6.25 mg promethazine intravenously, or 10 mg metoclopramide intraveously.
c One dose of opioid medication was considered to be equivalent to: 2 mg morphine intravenously, 0.25 mg hydromorphone intravenously, 25 μg fentanyl subcutaneously, 5 mg oxycodone orally, 10 mg hydrocodone orally, 50 mg tramadol orally, and 30 mg codeine orally.
d Indicates time elapsed from entering the PACU to first administration of opioid medication.