Table 4.
Total Dollars ($US) Spent on Medical Therapies Prior to Index Spinal Fusion.
| Characteristic | NSAIDs | Opioids | LESI | PT/OT | ED Visits | Muscle Relaxants | Chiropractor Visits | Cost Totals |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total Patients | $3 058 335 | $3 702 463 | $15 296 941 | $1 145 264 | $2 728 706 | $1 079 743 | $1 229 868 | $28 241 320 |
| Male | $988 251 | $1 576 259 | $6 113 712 | $426 230 | $1 117 594 | $378 131 | $507 437 | $11 107 614 |
| Female | $2 070 084 | $2 126 204 | $9 183 229 | $719 034 | $1 611 112 | $701 612 | $722 431 | $17 133 706 |
| Geographical Region Breakdown | ||||||||
| Midwest | $651 545 | $755 127 | $4 497 847 | $366 023 | $709 878 | $188 594 | $543 412 | $7 712 426 |
| Northeast | $37 766 | $104 349 | $248 784 | $22 398 | $52 981 | $15 412 | $29 175 | $510 865 |
| South | $2 052 185 | $2 404 011 | $9 080 902 | $636 748 | $1 713 126 | $776 258 | $548 192 | $17 211 422 |
| West | $316 839 | $438 976 | $1 469 408 | $120 095 | $252 721 | $99 479 | $109 089 | $2 806 607 |
| Race Breakdown | ||||||||
| Unknown | $525 714 | $679 823 | $4 622 924 | $274 081 | $805 319 | $268 405 | $243 964 | $7 420 230 |
| White | $2 215 993 | $2 661 203 | $9 615 489 | $785 703 | $1 595 918 | $734 780 | $935 215 | $18 544 301 |
| Black | $243 690 | $298 316 | $826 424 | $68 564 | $261 007 | $64 404 | $39 956 | $1 802 361 |
| Other | $25 314 | $16 373 | $93 751 | $6 705 | $22 391 | $2895 | $4442 | $171 871 |
| Asian | $11 907 | $1822 | $21 756 | $1540 | $5970 | $235 | UNK | $43 230a |
| Hispanic | $30 793 | $35 382 | $87 208 | $6013 | $30 925 | $6819 | UNK | $197 140a |
| North American Native | $4924 | $9544 | $29 389 | $2658 | $7176 | $2205 | $2052 | $57 948 |
Abbreviations: ED, emergency department; LESI, lumbar epidural steroid injections; NSAIDs, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; PT/OT, physical therapy/occupational therapy; UNK, unknown.
a Denotes summation value that may be underestimated as one or more of the calculation components were unknown due to confidentiality violations associated with small patient tally (<11) reporting.