Table 3.
Movement characteristics and behavior of coyotes (Canis latrans) across 3 urban landscapes within the Chicago metropolitan area, USA, from 2008 to 2017 based on GPS location data collected every 15 min
| 2-state movement model | 3-state movement modelb | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Encamped | Moving | Foraging | Traveling | Time spent foraging:traveling | ||||||
| Urban landscape | n a | Number of 15-min segments | Step length in meters (SD) [minimum, maximum] | Time spent (prop) | Step length in meters (SD) [minimum, maximum] | Step length in meters (SD) [minimum, maximum] | Time spent (prop) | Step length in meters (SD) [minimum, maximum] | Time spent (prop) | |
| Natural fragment | 3 | 2311 | 7.4 (8.3) [0–57] | 0.57 | 306 (238) [3–1424] | — | — | — | — | — |
| Suburban | 3 | 5210 | 7.6 (7.2) [0–54] | 0.58 | 319 (256) [0.2–1287] | 130 (114) [0.2–729] | 0.25 | 528 (218) [108–1287] | 0.19 | 1.34 |
| Highly urbanized | 6 | 7909 | 7.5 (7.2) [0–52] | 0.62 | 390 (378) [0–2985] | 122 (114) [0–830] | 0.21 | 625 (385) [44–2985] | 0.20 | 1.06 |
aNumber of individuals.
bThe 3-state movement model did not produce biologically plausible results for coyotes in natural fragments. Given our data set and movement characteristics, foraging and traveling were indistinguishable for coyotes in natural fragments.