Table 1.
Gaze Behavior Taxonomy: Description, Operationalization, and Social Dimensions of Visual Features
| Multi-Party Gaze Feature | Operationalization | Indexed on | Dimension |
|---|---|---|---|
| Looking at | Video-frames in which each individual looked at another member while not looked back | Total video-frames | Participation |
| Looked at | Video-frames in which each individual was looked at while not looking back | Total video-frames | Prestige |
| Looked at_multiple | Video-frames in which each individual was looked at by twoa members simultaneously, while not looking back at any of them | Total video-frames | |
| Looked at_Ratio | Ratio between “Looked at” and “Looking at” | NA | |
| Mutual gaze | Video-frames in which each individual was looking at someone while simultaneously being looked back | Total video-frames | Mutual engagement |
| Mutual gaze_multiple | Video-frames in which each individual was looked at by twoa members simultaneously, while looking back at one of them | Total video-frames | |
| Mutual gaze initiation | Frequency of mutual engagement episodes initiated | Total mutual engagement episodes in each video | |
| Mutual gaze response time | Video-frames between the initiation of a mutual engagement episode and the reaction of the looked at person | Total video-frames |
a
Note: For both Looked at_multiple and Mutual gaze_multiple, the number of video-frames in which an individual was looked at by three members simultaneously did not result in values different from zero, thus these features were omitted from subsequent analyses.