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. 2019 May 21;11(5):701. doi: 10.3390/cancers11050701

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© 2019 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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TG2-mediated changes alter the biomechanical properties of CRC/fibroblast co-cultures. Incorporation of fibroblasts into collagen gels significantly increased modulus compared to blank gels (A, n = 8–11). Silencing of TG2 caused a significant decrease in modulus but no differences between NOFs and CAFs. Co-culture of fibroblasts with SW480 cells resulted in a significant increase in modulus (B, n = 9–11); however, silencing of TG2 in SW480 cells blocked this increase. Silencing of TG2 in fibroblasts also resulted in a loss of contractile ability (C, n = 19). A clear correlation between gel volume and modulus was observed in gels incorporating fibroblasts (D), but this relationship was lost following silencing of TG2 in the fibroblasts (E). * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, ns = not significant.