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. 2019 May 27;8(5):512. doi: 10.3390/cells8050512

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Schematic representation of the LD model. <1> Uptake of FFAs; <2> activation of FFAs; <3> uptake of FFAs into mitochondria for β-oxidation); <4> esterification of FFAs to LPA, PA, and dephosphorylation of PA to DAG; <5> phospholipid synthesis; <6> synthesis of TAG; <6> formation of TAG; <7> packing of TAG (formed by DGAT1 or DGAT2) into nascent LDs; <8> filling of LDs with TAG formed by DGAT2; <9> synthesis and secretion of VLDL; <10> TAG transfer between LDs; <11> lipolysis of LDs. Abbreviations: ACoA, acyl-coenzyme A; ADRP, adipose differentiation-related protein; AGPAT, acylglycerolphosphate acyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.51); ApoB100, apolipoprotein B100; ATGL, adipocyte triglyceride lipase (EC 3.1.1.3); CGI-58, comparative gene identification-58 protein; CPT1, carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1; DAG, diacylglycerol; DGAT1(2), diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1(2) (EC 2.3.1.20); FFA, free (nonesterified) fatty acids; FSP-27, fat-specific protein 27; GLY3P, glycerol-3-phosphate; GPAT, glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.15); HSL, hormone-sensitive lipase (EC 3.1.1.79); LDs, lipid droplets; LPA, lysophosphatidic acid; MAG, monoacylglycerol; MGL, monoglycerid lipase (EC 3.1.1.23); MTP, microsomal transfer protein; PA, phosphatidic acid; PAP, phosphatidic acid phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.4); PL, phospholipids; PLIN1, perilipin 1; TAG, triacylglycerol; TIP47, tail interacting protein 47; VLDL, very low-density lipoprotein.