Table 1.

Expression of cytokines/chemokines in THP-1 cells following treatment with various ODNs. All experiments were performed in four independent replicates, and protein values are presented as mean ± SD. * p < 0.05 (ANOVA, one-way) compared with the MamA2.1 peptide treatment alone.

Cytokines/Chemokines	No Pep	MamA2.1	MamA2.1 + ODN2006	MamA2.1 + ODN M362	MamA2.1 + ODN2216
Immunostimulatory Cytokines
IL-2	5.2 ± 0.9	6.1 ± 1.2	13.6 ± 2.7	17.2 ± 6.4	7.7 ± 1.4
IL-5	n.d.	n.d.	4.9 ± 1.4	6.3 ± 1.9	n.d.
IL-6	157 ± 27	148 ± 23	294 ± 62 *	342 ± 78 *	311 ± 57 *
IL-7	6.1 ± 1.7	5.3 ± 2.2	10.9 ± 3.3	7.2 ± 2.7	6.8 ± 1.3
IL-8	7651 ± 918	8143 ± 1126	13278 ± 1989	14598 ± 1839	10367 ± 772
IL-12p70	163 ± 43	182 ± 31	1672 ± 231 *	1981 ± 161 *	593 ± 49 *
IL-13	2.9 ± 0.6	3.3 ± 1.1	11.9 ± 2.4	14.7 ± 4.3	4.8 ± 1.3
IL-15	n.d.	n.d.	7.2 ± 1.9	9.3 ± 3.7	n.d.
Eotaxin	47 ± 16	34 ± 9	59 ± 17	52 ± 18	41 ± 9
IP-10	12 ± 4	14 ± 5	31 ± 9	27 ± 9	21 ± 7
Anti-inflammatory Cytokines
IL-4	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	2.9 ± 0.6	n.d.
IL-10	42 ± 12	37 ± 12	19 ± 6	14 ± 6	33 ± 12
IL-1RA	2981 ± 343	2719 ± 469	1516 ± 121 *	1673 ± 131 *	2528 ± 154
Chemoattractants
MCP-1	390 ± 56	422 ± 109	736 ± 152	787 ± 172	496 ± 101
MIP-1α	312 ± 121	431 ± 76	784 ± 112	856 ± 143	533 ± 163
MIP-1β	665 ± 116	726 ± 91	1167 ± 128	1218 ± 109	881 ± 179
RANTES	2139 ± 158	2432 ± 338	7819 ± 911 *	8337 ± 763 *	7917 ± 967 *
Effector Cytokines
TNF-α	598 ± 72	538 ± 69	3871 ± 403 *	5178 ± 476 *	1267 ± 391 *
IFN-γ	127 ± 19	146 ± 21	449 ± 127	503 ± 93	312 ± 72
IL-1β	1439 ± 96	1235 ± 108	1922 ± 216	1822 ± 177	1432 ± 876
IL-17	11 ± 3	14 ± 4	19 ± 4	15 ± 4	16 ± 5
Growth Factors/Cell differentiation factors
IL-9	n.d.	n.d.	6.4 ± 2.1	6.1 ± 1.7	3.2 ± 0.8
FGF-basic	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.
PDGF-BB	23 ± 8	19 ± 3	27 ± 7	24 ± 8	31 ± 6
VEGF	3415 ± 482	2769 ± 511	5853 ± 721 *	7241 ± 818 *	7471 ± 917 *
G-CSF	456 ± 89	514 ± 132	738 ± 171	674 ± 133	598 ± 123
GM-CSF	31 ± 9	36 ± 8	53 ± 14	44 ± 12	54 ± 16