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. 2019 May 24;8(5):504. doi: 10.3390/cells8050504

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© 2019 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Cytokine profiles of T helper cells in healthy and arthritic mice. The ratio of cytokine-producing cells was measured from healthy and arthritic BALB/c and ZAP-70^+/− spleen cells after in vitro PMA/ionomycin stimulation using intracellular staining followed by flow cytometry. Bar diagrams show the percentage of IFNγ- (A) and IL-17-producing (C) CD4⁺ cells. Representative density plots show the expression of CD4 and IFNγ (B) or CD4 and IL-17 (D) in healthy BALB/c (a), ZAP-70^+/− (b) and arthritic BALB/c (c) and ZAP-70^+/− (d) mice. Numbers in the plots show the percentages of double positive (CD4⁺ IL-17⁺ or CD4⁺ IFNγ⁺), cytokine producing T helper cells. All results shown in bar diagrams are mean values ± standard error of mean (SEM) calculated from the results of n = 3 mice in all experimental groups. Statistically significant differences are indicated (* p ≤ 0.05).